fix(image): disable attachment resizing by default

bun.lock

@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
         "solid-list": "catalog:",
         "tailwindcss": "catalog:",
         "virtua": "catalog:",
-        "zod": "catalog:",
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@happy-dom/global-registrator": "20.0.11",
@@ -214,7 +213,6 @@
         "npm-package-arg": "13.0.2",
         "semver": "^7.6.3",
         "xdg-basedir": "5.1.0",
-        "zod": "catalog:",
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@tsconfig/bun": "catalog:",

bunfig.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [install]
 exact = true
+# Only install newly resolved package versions published at least 3 days ago.
+minimumReleaseAge = 259200
 
 [test]
 root = "./do-not-run-tests-from-root"
-

nix/hashes.json

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-Q9r1S15YL9LQK7DRhuOpw3Fxi24BPovEM995GZJayKw=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-C0rRTLnxxuuEkCBc3JZbkR66TUVwpcPFif3BU9GRAuA=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-1HvalOO/pOkRlYH8CZ93psapt90C+pYzui1JCadBE1Q=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-RrndyLWfhWm4mZ88XytFF2NI+ly8la550Z5LBN/g5u4="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-MUHog06sZEi6bXR1m8exdkjSNW9bHEv9bPQXACJ7SFw=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-3dwdZ3It++OsdGT8xMOQ10Arz8eeODp/LXOrI4DLEhY=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-TmUPGDCewjsrT13npVH6B55J43NKKut67p/HgPJpQNM=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-j8I7t3MZoUQUMFRWyaFO75TRbAw5TauSZAa4yKOHFMA="
   }
 }

packages/app/package.json

@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
     "solid-js": "catalog:",
     "solid-list": "catalog:",
     "tailwindcss": "catalog:",
-    "virtua": "catalog:",
-    "zod": "catalog:"
+    "virtua": "catalog:"
   }
 }

packages/app/src/context/global-sdk.tsx

@@ -3,15 +3,13 @@ import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
 import { createGlobalEmitter } from "@solid-primitives/event-bus"
 import { makeEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
 import { batch, onCleanup, onMount } from "solid-js"
-import z from "zod"
 import { createSdkForServer } from "@/utils/server"
 import { useLanguage } from "./language"
 import { usePlatform } from "./platform"
 import { useServer } from "./server"
 
-const abortError = z.object({
-  name: z.literal("AbortError"),
-})
+const isAbortError = (error: unknown) =>
+  error !== null && typeof error === "object" && "name" in error && error.name === "AbortError"
 
 export const { use: useGlobalSDK, provider: GlobalSDKProvider } = createSimpleContext({
   name: "GlobalSDK",
@@ -103,7 +101,7 @@ export const { use: useGlobalSDK, provider: GlobalSDKProvider } = createSimpleCo
 
     let streamErrorLogged = false
     const wait = (ms: number) => new Promise<void>((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
-    const aborted = (error: unknown) => abortError.safeParse(error).success
+    const aborted = isAbortError
 
     let attempt: AbortController | undefined
     let run: Promise<void> | undefined

packages/app/src/utils/id.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import z from "zod"
-
 const prefixes = {
   session: "ses",
   message: "msg",
@@ -15,10 +13,6 @@ let counter = 0
 
 type Prefix = keyof typeof prefixes
 export namespace Identifier {
-  export function schema(prefix: Prefix) {
-    return z.string().startsWith(prefixes[prefix])
-  }
-
   export function ascending(prefix: Prefix, given?: string) {
     return generateID(prefix, false, given)
   }

packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts

@@ -299,7 +299,6 @@ export async function handler(
         let buffer = ""
         let responseLength = 0
         let timestampFirstByte = 0
-        let timestampLastByte = 0
 
         function pump(): Promise<void> {
           return (

packages/core/package.json

@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@
     "minimatch": "10.2.5",
     "npm-package-arg": "13.0.2",
     "semver": "^7.6.3",
-    "xdg-basedir": "5.1.0",
-    "zod": "catalog:"
+    "xdg-basedir": "5.1.0"
   },
   "overrides": {
     "drizzle-orm": "catalog:"

packages/core/src/util/fn.ts

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import { z } from "zod"
-
-export function fn<T extends z.ZodType, Result>(schema: T, cb: (input: z.infer<T>) => Result) {
-  const result = (input: z.infer<T>) => {
-    const parsed = schema.parse(input)
-    return cb(parsed)
-  }
-  result.force = (input: z.infer<T>) => cb(input)
-  result.schema = schema
-  return result
-}

packages/core/src/util/log.ts

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { createWriteStream } from "fs"
 import * as Global from "../global"
-import z from "zod"
+import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { Glob } from "./glob"
 
-export const Level = z.enum(["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR"]).meta({ ref: "LogLevel", description: "Log level" })
-export type Level = z.infer<typeof Level>
+export const Level = Schema.Literals(["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR"]).annotate({
+  identifier: "LogLevel",
+  description: "Log level",
+})
+export type Level = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Level>
 
 const levelPriority: Record<Level, number> = {
   DEBUG: 0,

packages/enterprise/src/core/share.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import { Message, Model, Part, Session, SnapshotFileDiff } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
-import { fn } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/fn"
 import { iife } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/iife"
 import z from "zod"
 import { Storage } from "./storage"
 
+function fn<T extends z.ZodType, Result>(schema: T, cb: (input: z.infer<T>) => Result) {
+  return (input: z.infer<T>) => cb(schema.parse(input))
+}
+
 export namespace Share {
   export const Info = z.object({
     id: z.string(),

packages/llm/example/tutorial.ts

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ const streamText = LLM.stream(request).pipe(
   Stream.tap((event) =>
     Effect.sync(() => {
       if (event.type === "text-delta") process.stdout.write(`\ntext: ${event.text}`)
-      if (event.type === "request-finish") process.stdout.write(`\nfinish: ${event.reason}\n`)
+      if (event.type === "finish") process.stdout.write(`\nfinish: ${event.reason}\n`)
     }),
   ),
   Stream.runDrain,
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ const FakeProtocol = Protocol.make<FakeBody, string, string, void>({
     event: Schema.String,
     initial: () => undefined,
     step: (_, frame) => Effect.succeed([undefined, [{ type: "text-delta", id: "text-0", text: frame }]] as const),
-    onHalt: () => [{ type: "request-finish", reason: "stop" }],
+    onHalt: () => [{ type: "finish", reason: "stop" }],
   },
 })
 

packages/llm/src/index.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export type {
   ExecutableTools,
   Tool as ToolShape,
   ToolExecute,
+  ToolExecuteContext,
   Tools,
   ToolSchema,
 } from "./tool"

packages/llm/src/protocols/openai-responses.ts

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ type StepResult = readonly [ParserState, ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>]
 const NO_EVENTS: StepResult["1"] = []
 
 // `response.completed` / `response.incomplete` are clean finishes that emit a
-// `request-finish` event; `response.failed` is a hard failure that emits a
+// `finish` event; `response.failed` is a hard failure that emits a
 // `provider-error`. All three end the stream — kept in one set so `step` and
 // the protocol's `terminal` predicate stay in sync.
 const TERMINAL_TYPES = new Set(["response.completed", "response.incomplete", "response.failed"])

packages/llm/src/protocols/utils/lifecycle.ts

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export const finish = (
       usage: input.usage,
       providerMetadata: input.providerMetadata,
     }),
-    LLMEvent.requestFinish(input),
+    LLMEvent.finish(input),
   )
   return { ...stepped, stepStarted: false }
 }

packages/llm/src/schema/events.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { ContentBlockID, FinishReason, ProtocolID, ProviderMetadata, ResponseID, RouteID, ToolCallID } from "./ids"
+import { ContentBlockID, FinishReason, ProtocolID, ProviderMetadata, RouteID, ToolCallID } from "./ids"
 import { ModelRef } from "./options"
 import { ToolResultValue } from "./messages"
 
@@ -66,14 +66,13 @@ export class Usage extends Schema.Class<Usage>("LLM.Usage")({
   get visibleOutputTokens() {
     return Math.max(0, (this.outputTokens ?? 0) - (this.reasoningTokens ?? 0))
   }
+
+  static from(input: UsageInput) {
+    return input instanceof Usage ? input : new Usage(input)
+  }
 }
 
-export const RequestStart = Schema.Struct({
-  type: Schema.tag("request-start"),
-  id: ResponseID,
-  model: ModelRef,
-}).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.RequestStart" })
-export type RequestStart = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof RequestStart>
+export type UsageInput = Usage | ConstructorParameters<typeof Usage>[0]
 
 export const StepStart = Schema.Struct({
   type: Schema.tag("step-start"),
@@ -185,13 +184,13 @@ export const StepFinish = Schema.Struct({
 }).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.StepFinish" })
 export type StepFinish = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof StepFinish>
 
-export const RequestFinish = Schema.Struct({
-  type: Schema.tag("request-finish"),
+export const Finish = Schema.Struct({
+  type: Schema.tag("finish"),
   reason: FinishReason,
   usage: Schema.optional(Usage),
   providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
-}).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.RequestFinish" })
-export type RequestFinish = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof RequestFinish>
+}).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.Finish" })
+export type Finish = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Finish>
 
 export const ProviderErrorEvent = Schema.Struct({
   type: Schema.tag("provider-error"),
@@ -202,7 +201,6 @@ export const ProviderErrorEvent = Schema.Struct({
 export type ProviderErrorEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ProviderErrorEvent>
 
 const llmEventTagged = Schema.Union([
-  RequestStart,
   StepStart,
   TextStart,
   TextDelta,
@@ -217,13 +215,15 @@ const llmEventTagged = Schema.Union([
   ToolResult,
   ToolError,
   StepFinish,
-  RequestFinish,
+  Finish,
   ProviderErrorEvent,
 ]).pipe(Schema.toTaggedUnion("type"))
 
 type WithID<Event extends { readonly id: unknown }, ID> = Omit<Event, "type" | "id"> & { readonly id: ID | string }
+type WithUsage<Event extends { readonly usage?: Usage }> = Omit<Event, "type" | "usage"> & {
+  readonly usage?: UsageInput
+}
 
-const responseID = (value: ResponseID | string) => ResponseID.make(value)
 const contentBlockID = (value: ContentBlockID | string) => ContentBlockID.make(value)
 const toolCallID = (value: ToolCallID | string) => ToolCallID.make(value)
 
@@ -233,7 +233,6 @@ const toolCallID = (value: ToolCallID | string) => ToolCallID.make(value)
  * `events.filter(LLMEvent.guards["tool-call"])`.
  */
 export const LLMEvent = Object.assign(llmEventTagged, {
-  requestStart: (input: WithID<RequestStart, ResponseID>) => RequestStart.make({ ...input, id: responseID(input.id) }),
   stepStart: StepStart.make,
   textStart: (input: WithID<TextStart, ContentBlockID>) => TextStart.make({ ...input, id: contentBlockID(input.id) }),
   textDelta: (input: WithID<TextDelta, ContentBlockID>) => TextDelta.make({ ...input, id: contentBlockID(input.id) }),
@@ -252,11 +251,18 @@ export const LLMEvent = Object.assign(llmEventTagged, {
   toolCall: (input: WithID<ToolCall, ToolCallID>) => ToolCall.make({ ...input, id: toolCallID(input.id) }),
   toolResult: (input: WithID<ToolResult, ToolCallID>) => ToolResult.make({ ...input, id: toolCallID(input.id) }),
   toolError: (input: WithID<ToolError, ToolCallID>) => ToolError.make({ ...input, id: toolCallID(input.id) }),
-  stepFinish: StepFinish.make,
-  requestFinish: RequestFinish.make,
+  stepFinish: (input: WithUsage<StepFinish>) =>
+    StepFinish.make({
+      ...input,
+      usage: input.usage === undefined ? undefined : Usage.from(input.usage),
+    }),
+  finish: (input: WithUsage<Finish>) =>
+    Finish.make({
+      ...input,
+      usage: input.usage === undefined ? undefined : Usage.from(input.usage),
+    }),
   providerError: ProviderErrorEvent.make,
   is: {
-    requestStart: llmEventTagged.guards["request-start"],
     stepStart: llmEventTagged.guards["step-start"],
     textStart: llmEventTagged.guards["text-start"],
     textDelta: llmEventTagged.guards["text-delta"],
@@ -271,7 +277,7 @@ export const LLMEvent = Object.assign(llmEventTagged, {
     toolResult: llmEventTagged.guards["tool-result"],
     toolError: llmEventTagged.guards["tool-error"],
     stepFinish: llmEventTagged.guards["step-finish"],
-    requestFinish: llmEventTagged.guards["request-finish"],
+    finish: llmEventTagged.guards.finish,
     providerError: llmEventTagged.guards["provider-error"],
   },
 })

packages/llm/src/tool-runtime.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   ToolFailure,
   ToolResultPart,
   type ToolResultValue,
+  Usage,
 } from "./schema"
 import { type AnyTool, type ExecutableTools, type Tools, toDefinitions } from "./tool"
 
@@ -72,19 +73,42 @@ export const stream = <T extends Tools>(options: StreamOptions<T>): Stream.Strea
           tools: [...options.request.tools.filter((tool) => !runtimeToolNames.has(tool.name)), ...runtimeTools],
         })
 
-  const loop = (request: LLMRequest, step: number): Stream.Stream<LLMEvent, LLMError> =>
+  const loop = (
+    request: LLMRequest,
+    step: number,
+    usage: Usage | undefined,
+    providerMetadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined,
+  ): Stream.Stream<LLMEvent, LLMError> =>
     Stream.unwrap(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const state: StepState = { assistantContent: [], toolCalls: [], finishReason: undefined }
+        const state: StepState = {
+          assistantContent: [],
+          toolCalls: [],
+          finishReason: undefined,
+          usage: undefined,
+          providerMetadata: undefined,
+        }
 
         const modelStream = options
           .stream(request)
+          .pipe(Stream.map((event) => indexStep(event, step)))
           .pipe(Stream.tap((event) => Effect.sync(() => accumulate(state, event))))
+          .pipe(Stream.filter((event) => event.type !== "finish"))
 
         const continuation = Stream.unwrap(
           Effect.gen(function* () {
-            if (state.finishReason !== "tool-calls" || state.toolCalls.length === 0) return Stream.empty
-            if (options.toolExecution === "none") return Stream.empty
+            const totalUsage = addUsage(usage, state.usage)
+            const totalProviderMetadata = mergeProviderMetadata(providerMetadata, state.providerMetadata)
+            const finishStream = Stream.fromIterable([
+              LLMEvent.finish({
+                reason: state.finishReason ?? "unknown",
+                usage: totalUsage,
+                providerMetadata: totalProviderMetadata,
+              }),
+            ])
+
+            if (state.finishReason !== "tool-calls" || state.toolCalls.length === 0) return finishStream
+            if (options.toolExecution === "none") return finishStream
 
             const dispatched = yield* Effect.forEach(
               state.toolCalls,
@@ -93,10 +117,14 @@ export const stream = <T extends Tools>(options: StreamOptions<T>): Stream.Strea
             )
             const resultStream = Stream.fromIterable(dispatched.flatMap(([call, result]) => emitEvents(call, result)))
 
-            if (!options.stopWhen) return resultStream
-            if (options.stopWhen({ step, request })) return resultStream
+            if (!options.stopWhen) return resultStream.pipe(Stream.concat(finishStream))
+            if (options.stopWhen({ step, request })) return resultStream.pipe(Stream.concat(finishStream))
 
-            return resultStream.pipe(Stream.concat(loop(followUpRequest(request, state, dispatched), step + 1)))
+            return resultStream.pipe(
+              Stream.concat(
+                loop(followUpRequest(request, state, dispatched), step + 1, totalUsage, totalProviderMetadata),
+              ),
+            )
           }),
         )
 
@@ -104,13 +132,21 @@ export const stream = <T extends Tools>(options: StreamOptions<T>): Stream.Strea
       }),
     )
 
-  return loop(initialRequest, 0)
+  return loop(initialRequest, 0, undefined, undefined)
+}
+
+const indexStep = (event: LLMEvent, index: number): LLMEvent => {
+  if (event.type === "step-start") return LLMEvent.stepStart({ index })
+  if (event.type === "step-finish") return LLMEvent.stepFinish({ ...event, index })
+  return event
 }
 
 interface StepState {
   assistantContent: ContentPart[]
   toolCalls: ToolCallPart[]
   finishReason: FinishReason | undefined
+  usage: Usage | undefined
+  providerMetadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined
 }
 
 const accumulate = (state: StepState, event: LLMEvent) => {
@@ -154,9 +190,43 @@ const accumulate = (state: StepState, event: LLMEvent) => {
     )
     return
   }
-  if (event.type === "step-finish" || event.type === "request-finish") {
+  if (event.type === "step-finish") {
     state.finishReason = event.reason === "stop" && state.toolCalls.length > 0 ? "tool-calls" : event.reason
+    state.usage = addUsage(state.usage, event.usage)
+    state.providerMetadata = mergeProviderMetadata(state.providerMetadata, event.providerMetadata)
+    return
   }
+  if (event.type === "finish") {
+    state.finishReason ??= event.reason
+    state.usage ??= event.usage
+    state.providerMetadata = mergeProviderMetadata(state.providerMetadata, event.providerMetadata)
+  }
+}
+
+const addUsage = (left: Usage | undefined, right: Usage | undefined) => {
+  if (!left) return right
+  if (!right) return left
+  type UsageKey =
+    | "inputTokens"
+    | "outputTokens"
+    | "nonCachedInputTokens"
+    | "cacheReadInputTokens"
+    | "cacheWriteInputTokens"
+    | "reasoningTokens"
+    | "totalTokens"
+  const sum = (key: UsageKey) =>
+    left[key] === undefined && right[key] === undefined ? undefined : Number(left[key] ?? 0) + Number(right[key] ?? 0)
+
+  return new Usage({
+    inputTokens: sum("inputTokens"),
+    outputTokens: sum("outputTokens"),
+    nonCachedInputTokens: sum("nonCachedInputTokens"),
+    cacheReadInputTokens: sum("cacheReadInputTokens"),
+    cacheWriteInputTokens: sum("cacheWriteInputTokens"),
+    reasoningTokens: sum("reasoningTokens"),
+    totalTokens: sum("totalTokens"),
+    providerMetadata: mergeProviderMetadata(left.providerMetadata, right.providerMetadata),
+  })
 }
 
 const sameProviderMetadata = (left: ProviderMetadata | undefined, right: ProviderMetadata | undefined) =>
@@ -200,17 +270,17 @@ const dispatch = (tools: Tools, call: ToolCallPart): Effect.Effect<ToolResultVal
   if (!tool.execute)
     return Effect.succeed({ type: "error" as const, value: `Tool has no execute handler: ${call.name}` })
 
-  return decodeAndExecute(tool, call.input).pipe(
+  return decodeAndExecute(tool, call).pipe(
     Effect.catchTag("LLM.ToolFailure", (failure) =>
       Effect.succeed({ type: "error" as const, value: failure.message } satisfies ToolResultValue),
     ),
   )
 }
 
-const decodeAndExecute = (tool: AnyTool, input: unknown): Effect.Effect<ToolResultValue, ToolFailure> =>
-  tool._decode(input).pipe(
+const decodeAndExecute = (tool: AnyTool, call: ToolCallPart): Effect.Effect<ToolResultValue, ToolFailure> =>
+  tool._decode(call.input).pipe(
     Effect.mapError((error) => new ToolFailure({ message: `Invalid tool input: ${error.message}` })),
-    Effect.flatMap((decoded) => tool.execute!(decoded)),
+    Effect.flatMap((decoded) => tool.execute!(decoded, { id: call.id, name: call.name })),
     Effect.flatMap((value) =>
       tool._encode(value).pipe(
         Effect.mapError(

packages/llm/src/tool.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Effect, JsonSchema, Schema } from "effect"
-import type { ToolDefinition as ToolDefinitionClass } from "./schema"
+import type { ToolCallPart, ToolDefinition as ToolDefinitionClass } from "./schema"
 import { ToolDefinition, ToolFailure } from "./schema"
 
 /**
@@ -8,9 +8,14 @@ import { ToolDefinition, ToolFailure } from "./schema"
  * beyond pure data conversion belongs in the handler closure.
  */
 export type ToolSchema<T> = Schema.Codec<T, any, never, never>
+export interface ToolExecuteContext {
+  readonly id: ToolCallPart["id"]
+  readonly name: ToolCallPart["name"]
+}
 
 export type ToolExecute<Parameters extends ToolSchema<any>, Success extends ToolSchema<any>> = (
   params: Schema.Schema.Type<Parameters>,
+  context?: ToolExecuteContext,
 ) => Effect.Effect<Schema.Schema.Type<Success>, ToolFailure>
 
 /**
@@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ type TypedToolConfig = {
 type DynamicToolConfig = {
   readonly description: string
   readonly jsonSchema: JsonSchema.JsonSchema
-  readonly execute?: (params: unknown) => Effect.Effect<unknown, ToolFailure>
+  readonly execute?: (params: unknown, context?: ToolExecuteContext) => Effect.Effect<unknown, ToolFailure>
 }
 
 /**
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ export function make<Parameters extends ToolSchema<any>, Success extends ToolSch
 export function make(config: {
   readonly description: string
   readonly jsonSchema: JsonSchema.JsonSchema
-  readonly execute: (params: unknown) => Effect.Effect<unknown, ToolFailure>
+  readonly execute: (params: unknown, context?: ToolExecuteContext) => Effect.Effect<unknown, ToolFailure>
 }): AnyExecutableTool
 export function make(config: {
   readonly description: string

packages/llm/test/adapter.test.ts

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const request = LLM.request({
 
 const raiseEvent = (event: FakeEvent): import("../src/schema").LLMEvent =>
   event.type === "finish"
-    ? { type: "request-finish", reason: event.reason }
+    ? { type: "finish", reason: event.reason }
     : { type: "text-delta", id: "text-0", text: event.text }
 
 const fakeProtocol = Protocol.make<FakeBody, FakeEvent, FakeEvent, void>({
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ describe("llm route", () => {
       const events = Array.from(yield* llm.stream(request).pipe(Stream.runCollect))
       const response = yield* llm.generate(request)
 
-      expect(events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["text-delta", "request-finish"])
-      expect(response.events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["text-delta", "request-finish"])
+      expect(events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["text-delta", "finish"])
+      expect(response.events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["text-delta", "finish"])
     }),
   )
 

packages/llm/test/llm.test.ts

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ describe("llm constructors", () => {
       LLMResponse.text({
         events: [
           { type: "text-delta", id: "text-0", text: "hi" },
-          { type: "request-finish", reason: "stop" },
+          { type: "finish", reason: "stop" },
         ],
       }),
     ).toBe("hi")

packages/llm/test/provider/anthropic-messages.test.ts

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages route", () => {
         providerMetadata: { anthropic: { signature: "sig_1" } },
       })
       expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
-        type: "request-finish",
+        type: "finish",
         reason: "stop",
         providerMetadata: { anthropic: { stopSequence: "\n\nHuman:" } },
       })
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages route", () => {
         },
         { type: "step-finish", index: 0, reason: "tool-calls", usage, providerMetadata: undefined },
         {
-          type: "request-finish",
+          type: "finish",
           reason: "tool-calls",
           providerMetadata: undefined,
           usage,
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages route", () => {
         providerMetadata: { anthropic: { blockType: "web_search_tool_result" } },
       })
       expect(response.text).toBe("Found it.")
-      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "stop" })
+      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "stop" })
     }),
   )
 

packages/llm/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts

@@ -169,12 +169,12 @@ describe("Bedrock Converse route", () => {
       const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(baseRequest).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedBytes(body)))
 
       expect(response.text).toBe("Hello!")
-      const finishes = response.events.filter((event) => event.type === "request-finish")
+      const finishes = response.events.filter((event) => event.type === "finish")
       // Bedrock splits the finish across `messageStop` (carries reason) and
       // `metadata` (carries usage). We consolidate them into a single
-      // terminal `request-finish` event with both.
+      // terminal `finish` event with both.
       expect(finishes).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect(finishes[0]).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "stop" })
+      expect(finishes[0]).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "stop" })
       expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({
         inputTokens: 5,
         outputTokens: 2,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ describe("Bedrock Converse route", () => {
         { type: "tool-input-delta", id: "tool_1", name: "lookup", text: '{"query"' },
         { type: "tool-input-delta", id: "tool_1", name: "lookup", text: ':"weather"}' },
       ])
-      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "tool-calls" })
+      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "tool-calls" })
     }),
   )
 

packages/llm/test/provider/gemini.test.ts

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ describe("Gemini route", () => {
         { type: "text-end", id: "text-0" },
         { type: "step-finish", index: 0, reason: "stop", usage, providerMetadata: undefined },
         {
-          type: "request-finish",
+          type: "finish",
           reason: "stop",
           usage,
         },
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ describe("Gemini route", () => {
         },
         { type: "step-finish", index: 0, reason: "tool-calls", usage, providerMetadata: undefined },
         {
-          type: "request-finish",
+          type: "finish",
           reason: "tool-calls",
           usage,
         },
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ describe("Gemini route", () => {
         { type: "tool-call", id: "tool_0", name: "lookup", input: { query: "weather" } },
         { type: "tool-call", id: "tool_1", name: "lookup", input: { query: "news" } },
       ])
-      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "tool-calls" })
+      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "tool-calls" })
     }),
   )
 
@@ -344,10 +344,10 @@ describe("Gemini route", () => {
         ),
       )
 
-      expect(length.events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["step-start", "step-finish", "request-finish"])
-      expect(length.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "length" })
-      expect(filtered.events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["step-start", "step-finish", "request-finish"])
-      expect(filtered.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "content-filter" })
+      expect(length.events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["step-start", "step-finish", "finish"])
+      expect(length.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "length" })
+      expect(filtered.events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["step-start", "step-finish", "finish"])
+      expect(filtered.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "content-filter" })
     }),
   )
 

packages/llm/test/provider/openai-chat.test.ts

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Chat route", () => {
         { type: "text-end", id: "text-0" },
         { type: "step-finish", index: 0, reason: "stop", usage, providerMetadata: undefined },
         {
-          type: "request-finish",
+          type: "finish",
           reason: "stop",
           usage,
         },
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Chat route", () => {
           providerMetadata: undefined,
         },
         { type: "step-finish", index: 0, reason: "tool-calls", usage: undefined, providerMetadata: undefined },
-        { type: "request-finish", reason: "tool-calls", usage: undefined },
+        { type: "finish", reason: "tool-calls", usage: undefined },
       ])
     }),
   )

packages/llm/test/provider/openai-compatible-chat.test.ts

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ describe("OpenAI-compatible Chat route", () => {
 
       expect(response.text).toBe("Hello!")
       expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({ inputTokens: 5, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 7 })
-      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason: "stop" })
+      expect(response.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason: "stop" })
     }),
   )
 })

packages/llm/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
           usage,
         },
         {
-          type: "request-finish",
+          type: "finish",
           reason: "stop",
           providerMetadata: { openai: { responseId: "resp_1", serviceTier: "default" } },
           usage,
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
         },
         { type: "step-finish", index: 0, reason: "tool-calls", usage, providerMetadata: undefined },
         {
-          type: "request-finish",
+          type: "finish",
           reason: "tool-calls",
           providerMetadata: undefined,
           usage,

packages/llm/test/recorded-scenarios.ts

@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ export const runWeatherToolLoop = (request: LLMRequest) =>
 
 export const expectFinish = (
   events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>,
-  reason: Extract<LLMEvent, { readonly type: "request-finish" }>["reason"],
-) => expect(events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "request-finish", reason })
+  reason: Extract<LLMEvent, { readonly type: "finish" }>["reason"],
+) => expect(events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({ type: "finish", reason })
 
 export const expectWeatherToolCall = (response: LLMResponse) =>
   expect(response.toolCalls).toMatchObject([
@@ -129,10 +129,12 @@ export const expectWeatherToolCall = (response: LLMResponse) =>
   ])
 
 export const expectWeatherToolLoop = (events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>) => {
-  const finishes = events.filter(LLMEvent.is.requestFinish)
-  expect(finishes).toHaveLength(2)
-  expect(finishes[0]?.reason).toBe("tool-calls")
-  expect(finishes.at(-1)?.reason).toBe("stop")
+  const finishes = events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)
+  expect(finishes).toHaveLength(1)
+  expect(finishes[0]?.reason).toBe("stop")
+
+  const stepFinishes = events.filter(LLMEvent.is.stepFinish)
+  expect(stepFinishes.map((event) => event.reason)).toEqual(["tool-calls", "stop"])
 
   const toolCalls = events.filter(LLMEvent.is.toolCall)
   expect(toolCalls).toHaveLength(1)
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ export const eventSummary = (events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>) => {
       summary.push({ type: "tool-error", name: event.name, message: event.message })
       continue
     }
-    if (event.type === "request-finish") {
+    if (event.type === "finish") {
       summary.push({ type: "finish", reason: event.reason, usage: usageSummary(event.usage) })
     }
   }

packages/llm/test/schema.test.ts

@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ describe("llm schema", () => {
     expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(LLMEvent)({ type: "bogus" })).toThrow()
   })
 
+  test("finish constructors accept usage input", () => {
+    expect(LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "stop", usage: { inputTokens: 1 } }).usage).toBeInstanceOf(Usage)
+    expect(LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "stop", usage: { outputTokens: 2 } }).usage).toBeInstanceOf(Usage)
+  })
+
   test("content part tagged union exposes guards", () => {
     expect(ContentPart.guards.text({ type: "text", text: "hi" })).toBe(true)
     expect(ContentPart.guards.media({ type: "text", text: "hi" })).toBe(false)

packages/llm/test/tool-runtime.test.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import { GenerationOptions, LLM, LLMEvent, LLMRequest, LLMResponse, ToolChoice }
 import { LLMClient } from "../src/route"
 import * as AnthropicMessages from "../src/protocols/anthropic-messages"
 import * as OpenAIChat from "../src/protocols/openai-chat"
-import { tool, ToolFailure } from "../src/tool"
+import { tool, ToolFailure, type ToolExecuteContext } from "../src/tool"
+import { ToolRuntime } from "../src/tool-runtime"
 import { it } from "./lib/effect"
 import * as TestToolRuntime from "./lib/tool-runtime"
 import { dynamicResponse, scriptedResponses } from "./lib/http"
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ describe("LLMClient tools", () => {
         name: "get_weather",
         result: { type: "json", value: { temperature: 22, condition: "sunny" } },
       })
-      expect(events.at(-1)?.type).toBe("request-finish")
+      expect(events.at(-1)?.type).toBe("finish")
       expect(LLMResponse.text({ events })).toBe("It's sunny in Paris.")
     }),
   )
@@ -148,11 +149,40 @@ describe("LLMClient tools", () => {
         ),
       )
 
-      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.requestFinish)).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
       expect(events.find(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toMatchObject({ type: "tool-result", id: "call_1" })
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("passes tool call context to execute", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      let context: ToolExecuteContext | undefined
+      const contextual = tool({
+        description: "Capture tool context.",
+        parameters: Schema.Struct({ value: Schema.String }),
+        success: Schema.Struct({ ok: Schema.Boolean }),
+        execute: (_params, ctx) =>
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            context = ctx
+            return { ok: true }
+          }),
+      })
+      const events = Array.from(
+        yield* TestToolRuntime.runTools({ request: baseRequest, tools: { contextual } }).pipe(
+          Stream.runCollect,
+          Effect.provide(
+            scriptedResponses([
+              sseEvents(toolCallChunk("call_ctx", "contextual", '{"value":"x"}'), finishChunk("tool_calls")),
+            ]),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toBe(true)
+      expect(context).toEqual({ id: "call_ctx", name: "contextual" })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("can expose tool schemas without executing tool calls", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const layer = scriptedResponses([
@@ -319,7 +349,7 @@ describe("LLMClient tools", () => {
         "text-delta",
         "text-end",
         "step-finish",
-        "request-finish",
+        "finish",
       ])
       expect(LLMResponse.text({ events })).toBe("Done.")
     }),
@@ -343,7 +373,57 @@ describe("LLMClient tools", () => {
         ),
       )
 
-      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.requestFinish)).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.stepStart).map((event) => event.index)).toEqual([0, 1])
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.stepFinish).map((event) => event.index)).toEqual([0, 1])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("emits one final finish with aggregate usage", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      let calls = 0
+      const events = Array.from(
+        yield* ToolRuntime.stream({
+          request: baseRequest,
+          tools: { get_weather },
+          stopWhen: ToolRuntime.stepCountIs(2),
+          stream: () =>
+            Stream.fromIterable<LLMEvent>(
+              calls++ === 0
+                ? [
+                    LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
+                    LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: "call_1", name: "get_weather", input: { city: "Paris" } }),
+                    LLMEvent.stepFinish({
+                      index: 0,
+                      reason: "tool-calls",
+                      usage: { inputTokens: 1, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 3 },
+                    }),
+                    LLMEvent.finish({
+                      reason: "tool-calls",
+                      usage: { inputTokens: 1, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 3 },
+                    }),
+                  ]
+                : [
+                    LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
+                    LLMEvent.textDelta({ id: "text_1", text: "Done." }),
+                    LLMEvent.stepFinish({
+                      index: 0,
+                      reason: "stop",
+                      usage: { inputTokens: 4, outputTokens: 5, totalTokens: 9 },
+                    }),
+                    LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "stop", usage: { inputTokens: 4, outputTokens: 5, totalTokens: 9 } }),
+                  ],
+            ),
+        }).pipe(Stream.runCollect),
+      )
+
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.stepFinish).map((event) => event.index)).toEqual([0, 1])
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(events.find(LLMEvent.is.finish)?.usage).toMatchObject({
+        inputTokens: 5,
+        outputTokens: 7,
+        totalTokens: 12,
+      })
     }),
   )
 
@@ -362,7 +442,7 @@ describe("LLMClient tools", () => {
         }).pipe(Stream.runCollect, Effect.provide(layer)),
       )
 
-      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.requestFinish)).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
       expect(events.find(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toMatchObject({ type: "tool-result", id: "call_1" })
     }),
   )

packages/opencode/src/acp/agent.ts

@@ -1094,8 +1094,8 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
     const currentModeId = await (async () => {
       if (!availableModes.length) return undefined
-      const defaultAgentName = await AppRuntime.runPromise(AgentModule.Service.use((svc) => svc.defaultAgent()))
-      const resolvedModeId = availableModes.find((mode) => mode.name === defaultAgentName)?.id ?? availableModes[0].id
+      const defaultAgent = await AppRuntime.runPromise(AgentModule.Service.use((svc) => svc.defaultInfo()))
+      const resolvedModeId = availableModes.find((mode) => mode.name === defaultAgent.name)?.id ?? availableModes[0].id
       this.sessionManager.setMode(sessionId, resolvedModeId)
       return resolvedModeId
     })()
@@ -1328,7 +1328,8 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
     if (!current) {
       this.sessionManager.setModel(session.id, model)
     }
-    const agent = session.modeId ?? (await AppRuntime.runPromise(AgentModule.Service.use((svc) => svc.defaultAgent())))
+    const agent =
+      session.modeId ?? (await AppRuntime.runPromise(AgentModule.Service.use((svc) => svc.defaultInfo()))).name
 
     const parts: Array<
       | { type: "text"; text: string; synthetic?: boolean; ignored?: boolean }

packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ const GeneratedAgent = Schema.Struct({
 export interface Interface {
   readonly get: (agent: string) => Effect.Effect<Info>
   readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
+  readonly defaultInfo: () => Effect.Effect<Info>
   readonly defaultAgent: () => Effect.Effect<string>
   readonly generate: (input: {
     description: string
@@ -333,23 +334,28 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
           )
         })
 
-        const defaultAgent = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+        const defaultInfo = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
           const c = yield* config.get()
           if (c.default_agent) {
             const agent = agents[c.default_agent]
             if (!agent) throw new Error(`default agent "${c.default_agent}" not found`)
             if (agent.mode === "subagent") throw new Error(`default agent "${c.default_agent}" is a subagent`)
             if (agent.hidden === true) throw new Error(`default agent "${c.default_agent}" is hidden`)
-            return agent.name
+            return agent
           }
           const visible = Object.values(agents).find((a) => a.mode !== "subagent" && a.hidden !== true)
           if (!visible) throw new Error("no primary visible agent found")
-          return visible.name
+          return visible
+        })
+
+        const defaultAgent = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+          return (yield* defaultInfo()).name
         })
 
         return {
           get,
           list,
+          defaultInfo,
           defaultAgent,
         } satisfies State
       }),
@@ -362,6 +368,9 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       list: Effect.fn("Agent.list")(function* () {
         return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.list())
       }),
+      defaultInfo: Effect.fn("Agent.defaultInfo")(function* () {
+        return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.defaultInfo())
+      }),
       defaultAgent: Effect.fn("Agent.defaultAgent")(function* () {
         return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.defaultAgent())
       }),

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/providers.ts

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ const handlePluginAuth = Effect.fn("Cli.providers.pluginAuth")(function* (
           yield* put(saveProvider, {
             type: "api",
             key: result.key,
+            ...(result.metadata ? { metadata: result.metadata } : {}),
           })
         }
         yield* spinner.stop("Login successful")
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ const handlePluginAuth = Effect.fn("Cli.providers.pluginAuth")(function* (
           yield* put(saveProvider, {
             type: "api",
             key: result.key,
+            ...(result.metadata ? { metadata: result.metadata } : {}),
           })
         }
         yield* Prompt.log.success("Login successful")
@@ -191,10 +193,11 @@ const handlePluginAuth = Effect.fn("Cli.providers.pluginAuth")(function* (
     }
     if (result.type === "success") {
       const saveProvider = result.provider ?? provider
+      const merged = { ...(metadata.metadata ?? {}), ...(result.metadata ?? {}) }
       yield* put(saveProvider, {
         type: "api",
         key: result.key ?? apiKey,
-        ...metadata,
+        ...(Object.keys(merged).length ? { metadata: merged } : {}),
       })
       yield* Prompt.log.success("Login successful")
     }

packages/opencode/src/cli/error.ts

@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ export function FormatError(input: unknown) {
     ].join("\n")
   }
 
-  // UICancelledError: void (no data)
-  if (NamedError.hasName(input, "UICancelledError")) {
+  // UICancelledError: user cancelled an interactive CLI prompt
+  if (isTaggedError(input, "UICancelledError") || NamedError.hasName(input, "UICancelledError")) {
     return ""
   }
 }

packages/opencode/src/cli/ui.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { EOL } from "os"
-import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
 import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { logo as glyphs } from "./logo"
 
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ const wordmark = [
   `▀▀▀▀ █▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀ ▀  ▀ ▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀`,
 ]
 
-export const CancelledError = NamedError.create("UICancelledError", Schema.optional(Schema.Void))
+export class CancelledError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<CancelledError>()("UICancelledError", {}) {}
 
 export const Style = {
   TEXT_HIGHLIGHT: "\x1b[96m",

packages/opencode/src/config/attachment.ts

@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@ import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { PositiveInt } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 
 export const Image = Schema.Struct({
+  enforce_limits: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({
+    description:
+      "Enforce image attachment size limits before sending images to the model. When false, images pass through unchanged (default: false)",
+  }),
   auto_resize: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({
-    description: "Resize images before sending them to the model when they exceed configured limits (default: true)",
+    description:
+      "Resize images before sending them to the model when they exceed configured limits. Requires enforce_limits to be true (default: false)",
   }),
   max_width: Schema.optional(PositiveInt).annotate({
     description: "Maximum image width before resizing or rejecting the attachment (default: 2000)",

packages/opencode/src/config/config.ts

@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
       }),
       tail_turns: Schema.optional(NonNegativeInt).annotate({
         description:
-          "Number of recent user turns, including their following assistant/tool responses, to serialize into the compaction summary (default: 2)",
+          "Number of recent user turns, including their following assistant/tool responses, to keep verbatim during compaction (default: 2)",
       }),
       preserve_recent_tokens: Schema.optional(NonNegativeInt).annotate({
-        description: "Maximum number of tokens from recent turns to serialize into the compaction summary",
+        description: "Maximum number of tokens from recent turns to preserve verbatim after compaction",
       }),
       reserved: Schema.optional(NonNegativeInt).annotate({
         description: "Token buffer for compaction. Leaves enough window to avoid overflow during compaction.",

packages/opencode/src/data-migration.ts

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
                         tokens_reasoning: value.tokens.reasoning,
                         tokens_cache_read: value.tokens.cache.read,
                         tokens_cache_write: value.tokens.cache.write,
+                        time_updated: sql`${SessionTable.time_updated}`,
                       })
                       .where(eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID))
                       .run()
@@ -145,7 +146,9 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         )
       }
     }).pipe(
-      Effect.tapCause((cause) => Effect.logError("failed to run data migrations", { cause })),
+      Effect.tapCause((cause) =>
+        Effect.logError("failed to run data migrations").pipe(Effect.annotateLogs("cause", cause)),
+      ),
       Effect.ignore,
       Effect.forkScoped,
     )

packages/opencode/src/effect/runner.ts

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ export const make = <A, E = never>(
         return [
           Effect.gen(function* () {
             yield* Fiber.interrupt(st.run.fiber)
-            yield* Deferred.await(st.run.done).pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.asVoid)
+            yield* Deferred.fail(st.run.done, new Cancelled()).pipe(Effect.asVoid)
             yield* idleIfCurrent()
           }),
           { _tag: "Idle" } as const,

packages/opencode/src/image/image.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 const MAX_BASE64_BYTES = 4.5 * 1024 * 1024
 const MAX_WIDTH = 2000
 const MAX_HEIGHT = 2000
-const AUTO_RESIZE = true
+const ENFORCE_LIMITS = false
+const AUTO_RESIZE = false
 const JPEG_QUALITIES = [80, 85, 70, 55, 40]
 const log = Log.create({ service: "image" })
 
@@ -76,11 +77,13 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
     const normalize = Effect.fn("Image.normalize")(function* (input: MessageV2.FilePart) {
       const image = (yield* config.get()).attachment?.image
       const info = {
+        enforceLimits: image?.enforce_limits ?? ENFORCE_LIMITS,
         autoResize: image?.auto_resize ?? AUTO_RESIZE,
         maxWidth: image?.max_width ?? MAX_WIDTH,
         maxHeight: image?.max_height ?? MAX_HEIGHT,
         maxBase64Bytes: image?.max_base64_bytes ?? MAX_BASE64_BYTES,
       }
+      if (!info.enforceLimits) return input
       if (!input.url.startsWith("data:") || !input.url.includes(";base64,"))
         return yield* new InvalidDataUrlError({ url: input.url })
 

packages/opencode/src/mcp/index.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { StdioClientTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/stdio.js"
 import { UnauthorizedError } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/auth.js"
 import {
   CallToolResultSchema,
+  ListToolsResultSchema,
   ToolSchema,
   type Tool as MCPToolDef,
   ToolListChangedNotificationSchema,
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { ConfigMCP } from "../config/mcp"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
-import z from "zod/v4"
 import { Installation } from "../installation"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
 import { withTimeout } from "@/util/timeout"
@@ -35,13 +35,8 @@ import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
 const log = Log.create({ service: "mcp" })
 const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30_000
 
-const TolerantToolSchema = ToolSchema.extend({
-  outputSchema: z.unknown().optional(),
-})
-
-const TolerantListToolsResultSchema = z.looseObject({
-  tools: z.array(TolerantToolSchema),
-  nextCursor: z.string().optional(),
+const TolerantListToolsResultSchema = ListToolsResultSchema.extend({
+  tools: ToolSchema.omit({ outputSchema: true }).array(),
 })
 
 export const Resource = Schema.Struct({
@@ -137,7 +132,10 @@ function listTools(key: string, client: MCPClient, timeout: number) {
 
       log.warn("failed to validate MCP tool output schemas, retrying without output schema validation", { key, error })
       return Effect.tryPromise({
-        try: () => client.request({ method: "tools/list" }, TolerantListToolsResultSchema, { timeout }),
+        try: () =>
+          client.request({ method: "tools/list" }, TolerantListToolsResultSchema, {
+            timeout,
+          }),
         catch: (err) => (err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err))),
       }).pipe(
         Effect.map((result) =>

packages/opencode/src/plugin/digitalocean.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+import type { Hooks, PluginInput } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
+import type { Model } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
+import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
+import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
+import { createServer } from "http"
+
+const log = Log.create({ service: "plugin.digitalocean" })
+
+const DO_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID = "b1a6c5158156caac821fd1b30253ca8acb52454a48fa744420e41889cb589f82"
+const DO_AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://cloud.digitalocean.com/v1/oauth/authorize"
+const DO_API_BASE = "https://api.digitalocean.com"
+const DO_INFERENCE_BASE = "https://inference.do-ai.run/v1"
+const OAUTH_PORT = 1456
+const OAUTH_REDIRECT_PATH = "/auth/callback"
+const OAUTH_TOKEN_PATH = "/auth/token"
+const ROUTER_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000
+const MAK_NAME_PREFIX = "opencode-oauth"
+
+interface ImplicitTokenPayload {
+  access_token: string
+  expires_in: number
+  state: string
+}
+
+interface PendingOAuth {
+  state: string
+  resolve: (tokens: ImplicitTokenPayload) => void
+  reject: (error: Error) => void
+}
+
+interface ApiKeyInfo {
+  uuid: string
+  name: string
+  secret_key: string
+}
+
+interface RouterEntry {
+  name: string
+  uuid?: string
+  description?: string
+}
+
+let oauthServer: ReturnType<typeof createServer> | undefined
+let pendingOAuth: PendingOAuth | undefined
+
+function generateState(): string {
+  const bytes = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(32))
+  return Array.from(bytes)
+    .map((b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0"))
+    .join("")
+}
+
+function redirectUri(): string {
+  return `http://localhost:${OAUTH_PORT}${OAUTH_REDIRECT_PATH}`
+}
+
+function buildAuthorizeUrl(state: string): string {
+  const params = new URLSearchParams({
+    response_type: "token",
+    client_id: DO_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
+    redirect_uri: redirectUri(),
+    scope: "read write",
+    state,
+  })
+  return `${DO_AUTHORIZE_URL}?${params.toString()}`
+}
+
+const HTML_CALLBACK = `<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <title>OpenCode - DigitalOcean Authorization</title>
+    <style>
+      body { font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; height: 100vh; margin: 0; background: #0b1220; color: #e8eef9; }
+      .container { text-align: center; padding: 2rem; max-width: 32rem; }
+      h1 { color: #e8eef9; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
+      p { color: #9aa9c0; }
+      .error { color: #ff917b; font-family: monospace; margin-top: 1rem; padding: 1rem; background: #3c140d; border-radius: 0.5rem; }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div class="container">
+      <h1 id="title">Finishing sign-in...</h1>
+      <p id="msg">You can close this window once it says you're signed in.</p>
+    </div>
+    <script>
+      (async function() {
+        const params = new URLSearchParams((window.location.hash || "").slice(1))
+        const search = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search)
+        const error = params.get("error") || search.get("error")
+        const errorDescription = params.get("error_description") || search.get("error_description")
+        const titleEl = document.getElementById("title")
+        const msgEl = document.getElementById("msg")
+        try {
+          const body = error
+            ? { error, error_description: errorDescription || "" }
+            : { access_token: params.get("access_token") || "", expires_in: params.get("expires_in") || "0", state: params.get("state") || "" }
+          await fetch(${JSON.stringify(OAUTH_TOKEN_PATH)}, {
+            method: "POST",
+            headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+            body: JSON.stringify(body),
+          })
+          if (error) {
+            titleEl.textContent = "Authorization Failed"
+            msgEl.textContent = errorDescription || error
+            msgEl.className = "error"
+            return
+          }
+          titleEl.textContent = "Authorization Successful"
+          msgEl.textContent = "You can close this window and return to OpenCode."
+          setTimeout(function () { window.close() }, 2000)
+        } catch (e) {
+          titleEl.textContent = "Authorization Failed"
+          msgEl.textContent = String(e && e.message ? e.message : e)
+          msgEl.className = "error"
+        }
+      })()
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>`
+
+async function startOAuthServer(): Promise<void> {
+  if (oauthServer) return
+  oauthServer = createServer((req, res) => {
+    const url = new URL(req.url || "/", `http://localhost:${OAUTH_PORT}`)
+
+    if (req.method === "GET" && url.pathname === OAUTH_REDIRECT_PATH) {
+      res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/html" })
+      res.end(HTML_CALLBACK)
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (req.method === "POST" && url.pathname === OAUTH_TOKEN_PATH) {
+      const chunks: Buffer[] = []
+      req.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => chunks.push(chunk))
+      req.on("end", () => {
+        const raw = Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf8")
+        let body: Record<string, string> = {}
+        try {
+          body = raw ? JSON.parse(raw) : {}
+        } catch {
+          body = {}
+        }
+        if (!pendingOAuth) {
+          res.writeHead(409, { "Content-Type": "application/json" })
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "no_pending_oauth" }))
+          return
+        }
+        if (body.error) {
+          const message = body.error_description || body.error || "OAuth error"
+          pendingOAuth.reject(new Error(String(message)))
+          pendingOAuth = undefined
+          res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "application/json" })
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true }))
+          return
+        }
+        if (!body.access_token) {
+          pendingOAuth.reject(new Error("Missing access_token in callback"))
+          pendingOAuth = undefined
+          res.writeHead(400, { "Content-Type": "application/json" })
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "missing_access_token" }))
+          return
+        }
+        if (body.state !== pendingOAuth.state) {
+          pendingOAuth.reject(new Error("Invalid state - potential CSRF attack"))
+          pendingOAuth = undefined
+          res.writeHead(400, { "Content-Type": "application/json" })
+          res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: "invalid_state" }))
+          return
+        }
+        const expires = parseInt(body.expires_in || "0", 10)
+        pendingOAuth.resolve({
+          access_token: body.access_token,
+          expires_in: Number.isFinite(expires) && expires > 0 ? expires : 60 * 60 * 24 * 30,
+          state: body.state,
+        })
+        pendingOAuth = undefined
+        res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "application/json" })
+        res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true }))
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    res.writeHead(404)
+    res.end("Not found")
+  })
+
+  await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+    oauthServer!.listen(OAUTH_PORT, () => {
+      log.info("digitalocean oauth server started", { port: OAUTH_PORT })
+      resolve()
+    })
+    oauthServer!.on("error", reject)
+  })
+}
+
+function stopOAuthServer() {
+  if (!oauthServer) return
+  oauthServer.close(() => log.info("digitalocean oauth server stopped"))
+  oauthServer = undefined
+}
+
+function waitForOAuthCallback(state: string): Promise<ImplicitTokenPayload> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const timeout = setTimeout(
+      () => {
+        if (pendingOAuth) {
+          pendingOAuth = undefined
+          reject(new Error("OAuth callback timeout - authorization took too long"))
+        }
+      },
+      5 * 60 * 1000,
+    )
+    pendingOAuth = {
+      state,
+      resolve: (tokens) => {
+        clearTimeout(timeout)
+        resolve(tokens)
+      },
+      reject: (error) => {
+        clearTimeout(timeout)
+        reject(error)
+      },
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+async function createModelAccessKey(bearer: string): Promise<ApiKeyInfo> {
+  // Suffix-on-collision strategy keeps re-`/connect` non-destructive.
+  const name = `${MAK_NAME_PREFIX}-${Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)}`
+  const res = await fetch(`${DO_API_BASE}/v2/gen-ai/models/api_keys`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: {
+      Authorization: `Bearer ${bearer}`,
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      "User-Agent": `opencode/${InstallationVersion}`,
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ name }),
+  })
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    const body = await res.text().catch(() => "")
+    throw new Error(`Failed to create Model Access Key (${res.status}): ${body}`)
+  }
+  const data = (await res.json()) as { api_key_info?: ApiKeyInfo }
+  if (!data.api_key_info?.secret_key) throw new Error("Model Access Key response missing secret_key")
+  return data.api_key_info
+}
+
+async function listRouters(
+  bearer: string,
+): Promise<{ ok: true; routers: RouterEntry[] } | { ok: false; status: number }> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${DO_API_BASE}/v2/gen-ai/models/routers`, {
+    headers: {
+      Authorization: `Bearer ${bearer}`,
+      Accept: "application/json",
+      "User-Agent": `opencode/${InstallationVersion}`,
+    },
+    signal: AbortSignal.timeout(10_000),
+  }).catch(() => undefined)
+  if (!res) return { ok: false, status: 0 }
+  if (!res.ok) return { ok: false, status: res.status }
+  const body = (await res.json().catch(() => undefined)) as { model_routers?: RouterEntry[] } | undefined
+  return { ok: true, routers: body?.model_routers ?? [] }
+}
+
+function routerModel(router: RouterEntry, providerID: string): Model {
+  const id = `router:${router.name}`
+  return {
+    id,
+    providerID,
+    name: router.name,
+    family: "digitalocean-inference-routers",
+    api: { id, url: DO_INFERENCE_BASE, npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" },
+    status: "active",
+    headers: {},
+    options: {},
+    cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+    limit: { context: 128_000, output: 8_192 },
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: false,
+      attachment: false,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    release_date: "",
+    variants: {},
+  }
+}
+
+function parseRoutersJSON(raw: string | undefined): RouterEntry[] {
+  if (!raw) return []
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)
+    if (!Array.isArray(parsed)) return []
+    return parsed.flatMap((r) =>
+      r && typeof r.name === "string" ? [{ name: r.name, uuid: r.uuid, description: r.description }] : [],
+    )
+  } catch {
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+export async function DigitalOceanAuthPlugin(input: PluginInput): Promise<Hooks> {
+  return {
+    provider: {
+      id: "digitalocean",
+      async models(provider, ctx) {
+        const baseModels = provider.models
+        if (ctx.auth?.type !== "api") return baseModels
+
+        const metadata = ctx.auth.metadata ?? {}
+        const oauthAccess = metadata["oauth_access"]
+        const oauthExpires = parseInt(metadata["oauth_expires"] || "0", 10)
+        const fetchedAt = parseInt(metadata["routers_fetched_at"] || "0", 10)
+        const cached = parseRoutersJSON(metadata["routers"])
+
+        let routers = cached
+        const stale = Date.now() - fetchedAt > ROUTER_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS
+        const bearerValid = oauthAccess && oauthExpires > Date.now()
+
+        if (bearerValid && stale) {
+          const result = await listRouters(oauthAccess)
+          if (result.ok) {
+            routers = result.routers
+            const updated: Record<string, string> = {
+              ...metadata,
+              routers: JSON.stringify(routers.map((r) => ({ name: r.name, uuid: r.uuid, description: r.description }))),
+              routers_fetched_at: String(Date.now()),
+            }
+            await input.client.auth
+              .set({
+                path: { id: "digitalocean" },
+                body: { type: "api", key: ctx.auth.key, metadata: updated },
+              })
+              .catch((err) => log.warn("failed to persist refreshed routers", { error: err }))
+          } else if (result.status === 401 || result.status === 403) {
+            log.warn("digitalocean oauth bearer rejected; using cached routers", { status: result.status })
+          } else if (result.status !== 0) {
+            log.warn("digitalocean router refresh failed", { status: result.status })
+          }
+        }
+
+        const merged: Record<string, Model> = { ...baseModels }
+        for (const router of routers) {
+          const id = `router:${router.name}`
+          if (merged[id]) continue
+          merged[id] = routerModel(router, "digitalocean")
+        }
+        return merged
+      },
+    },
+    auth: {
+      provider: "digitalocean",
+      methods: [
+        {
+          type: "oauth",
+          label: "Login with DigitalOcean",
+          async authorize() {
+            await startOAuthServer()
+            const state = generateState()
+            const callbackPromise = waitForOAuthCallback(state)
+            return {
+              url: buildAuthorizeUrl(state),
+              instructions:
+                "Sign in to DigitalOcean in your browser. OpenCode will create a Model Access Key named opencode-oauth-* and load your Inference Routers. Re-run /connect to refresh routers later.",
+              method: "auto" as const,
+              async callback() {
+                try {
+                  const tokens = await callbackPromise
+                  const apiKeyInfo = await createModelAccessKey(tokens.access_token)
+                  const routerResult = await listRouters(tokens.access_token)
+                  const routers = routerResult.ok ? routerResult.routers : []
+                  if (!routerResult.ok) {
+                    log.warn("digitalocean initial router fetch failed", { status: routerResult.status })
+                  }
+                  return {
+                    type: "success" as const,
+                    provider: "digitalocean",
+                    key: apiKeyInfo.secret_key,
+                    metadata: {
+                      mak_uuid: apiKeyInfo.uuid,
+                      mak_name: apiKeyInfo.name,
+                      oauth_access: tokens.access_token,
+                      oauth_expires: String(Date.now() + tokens.expires_in * 1000),
+                      routers: JSON.stringify(
+                        routers.map((r) => ({ name: r.name, uuid: r.uuid, description: r.description })),
+                      ),
+                      routers_fetched_at: String(Date.now()),
+                    },
+                  }
+                } catch (err) {
+                  log.error("digitalocean oauth callback failed", { error: err })
+                  return { type: "failed" as const }
+                } finally {
+                  stopOAuthServer()
+                }
+              },
+            }
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "api",
+          label: "Paste Model Access Key",
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  }
+}

packages/opencode/src/plugin/index.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { gitlabAuthPlugin as GitlabAuthPlugin } from "opencode-gitlab-auth"
 import { PoeAuthPlugin } from "opencode-poe-auth"
 import { CloudflareAIGatewayAuthPlugin, CloudflareWorkersAuthPlugin } from "./cloudflare"
 import { AzureAuthPlugin } from "./azure"
+import { DigitalOceanAuthPlugin } from "./digitalocean"
 import { Effect, Layer, Context, Stream } from "effect"
 import { EffectBridge } from "@/effect/bridge"
 import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ const INTERNAL_PLUGINS: PluginInstance[] = [
   CloudflareWorkersAuthPlugin,
   CloudflareAIGatewayAuthPlugin,
   AzureAuthPlugin,
+  DigitalOceanAuthPlugin,
 ]
 
 function isServerPlugin(value: unknown): value is PluginInstance {

packages/opencode/src/project/bootstrap.ts

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 
     const run = Effect.gen(function* () {
       const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
-      yield* Effect.logInfo("bootstrapping", { directory: ctx.directory })
+      yield* Effect.logInfo("bootstrapping").pipe(Effect.annotateLogs("directory", ctx.directory))
       // everything depends on config so eager load it for nice traces
       yield* config.get()
       // Plugin can mutate config so it has to be initialized before anything else.

packages/opencode/src/project/instance-store.ts

@@ -156,7 +156,9 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service | InstanceBootst
           Effect.gen(function* () {
             const exit = yield* Deferred.await(item[1].deferred).pipe(Effect.exit)
             if (Exit.isFailure(exit)) {
-              yield* Effect.logWarning("instance dispose failed", { key: item[0], cause: exit.cause })
+              yield* Effect.logWarning("instance dispose failed").pipe(
+                Effect.annotateLogs({ key: item[0], cause: exit.cause }),
+              )
               yield* removeEntry(item[0], item[1])
               return
             }

packages/opencode/src/provider/auth.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { AuthOAuthResult, Hooks } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
 import { Auth } from "@/auth"
 import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
-import { namedSchemaError } from "@/util/named-schema-error"
+import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
 import { optionalOmitUndefined } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { Plugin } from "../plugin"
 import { ProviderID } from "./schema"
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ export const CallbackInput = Schema.Struct({
 })
 export type CallbackInput = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof CallbackInput>
 
-export const OauthMissing = namedSchemaError("ProviderAuthOauthMissing", { providerID: ProviderID })
+export const OauthMissing = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthMissing", { providerID: ProviderID })
 
-export const OauthCodeMissing = namedSchemaError("ProviderAuthOauthCodeMissing", { providerID: ProviderID })
+export const OauthCodeMissing = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthCodeMissing", { providerID: ProviderID })
 
-export const OauthCallbackFailed = namedSchemaError("ProviderAuthOauthCallbackFailed", {})
+export const OauthCallbackFailed = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthCallbackFailed", {})
 
-export const ValidationFailed = namedSchemaError("ProviderAuthValidationFailed", {
+export const ValidationFailed = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthValidationFailed", {
   field: Schema.String,
   message: Schema.String,
 })
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Auth.Service | Plugin.Service> =
         yield* auth.set(input.providerID, {
           type: "api",
           key: result.key,
+          ...(result.metadata ? { metadata: result.metadata } : {}),
         })
       }
 

packages/opencode/src/provider/models.ts

@@ -177,7 +177,9 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, AppFileSystem.Service | HttpClie
           yield* invalidate
         }),
       ).pipe(
-        Effect.tapCause((cause) => Effect.logError("Failed to fetch models.dev", { cause })),
+        Effect.tapCause((cause) =>
+          Effect.logError("Failed to fetch models.dev").pipe(Effect.annotateLogs("cause", cause)),
+        ),
         Effect.ignore,
       )
     })

packages/opencode/src/provider/provider.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { Auth } from "../auth"
 import { Env } from "../env"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
-import { namedSchemaError } from "@/util/named-schema-error"
+import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
 import { iife } from "@/util/iife"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import path from "path"
@@ -1749,13 +1749,13 @@ export function parseModel(model: string) {
   }
 }
 
-export const ModelNotFoundError = namedSchemaError("ProviderModelNotFoundError", {
+export const ModelNotFoundError = NamedError.create("ProviderModelNotFoundError", {
   providerID: ProviderID,
   modelID: ModelID,
   suggestions: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Schema.String)),
 })
 
-export const InitError = namedSchemaError("ProviderInitError", {
+export const InitError = NamedError.create("ProviderInitError", {
   providerID: ProviderID,
 })
 

packages/opencode/src/reference/reference.ts

@@ -169,7 +169,9 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
               ).pipe(
                 Effect.asVoid,
                 Effect.catchCause((cause) =>
-                  Effect.logWarning("failed to materialize reference repository", { name: reference.name, cause }),
+                  Effect.logWarning("failed to materialize reference repository").pipe(
+                    Effect.annotateLogs({ name: reference.name, cause }),
+                  ),
                 ),
               ),
             )

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/experimental.ts

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export const experimentalHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "exper
       const list = yield* registry.tools({
         providerID: ctx.query.provider,
         modelID: ctx.query.model,
-        agent: yield* agents.get(yield* agents.defaultAgent()),
+        agent: yield* agents.defaultInfo(),
       })
       return list.map((item) => ({
         id: item.id,

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/session.ts

@@ -299,7 +299,9 @@ export const sessionHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "session",
       yield* promptSvc.prompt({ ...ctx.payload, sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID }).pipe(
         Effect.catchCause((cause) =>
           Effect.gen(function* () {
-            yield* Effect.logError("prompt_async failed", { sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID, cause })
+            yield* Effect.logError("prompt_async failed").pipe(
+              Effect.annotateLogs({ sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID, cause }),
+            )
             yield* bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, {
               sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID,
               error: new NamedError.Unknown({ message: Cause.pretty(cause) }).toObject(),

packages/opencode/src/session/compaction.ts

@@ -79,10 +79,12 @@ Rules:
 type Turn = {
   start: number
   end: number
+  id: MessageID
 }
 
 type Tail = {
   start: number
+  id: MessageID
 }
 
 type CompletedCompaction = {
@@ -119,41 +121,19 @@ function completedCompactions(messages: MessageV2.WithParts[]) {
   })
 }
 
-function buildPrompt(input: { previousSummary?: string; context: string[]; tail?: string }) {
-  const source = input.tail
-    ? "the conversation history above and the serialized recent conversation tail below"
-    : "the conversation history above"
+function buildPrompt(input: { previousSummary?: string; context: string[] }) {
   const anchor = input.previousSummary
     ? [
-        `Update the anchored summary below using ${source}.`,
+        "Update the anchored summary below using the conversation history above.",
         "Preserve still-true details, remove stale details, and merge in the new facts.",
         "<previous-summary>",
         input.previousSummary,
         "</previous-summary>",
       ].join("\n")
-    : `Create a new anchored summary from ${source}.`
-  const tail = input.tail
-    ? [
-        "Fold this serialized recent conversation tail into the summary; it is not provider message history.",
-        "<recent-conversation-tail>",
-        input.tail,
-        "</recent-conversation-tail>",
-      ].join("\n")
-    : undefined
-  return [anchor, ...(tail ? [tail] : []), SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, ...input.context].join("\n\n")
+    : "Create a new anchored summary from the conversation history above."
+  return [anchor, SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, ...input.context].join("\n\n")
 }
 
-const serialize = Effect.fn("SessionCompaction.serialize")(function* (input: {
-  messages: MessageV2.WithParts[]
-  model: Provider.Model
-}) {
-  const messages = yield* MessageV2.toModelMessagesEffect(input.messages, input.model, {
-    stripMedia: true,
-    toolOutputMaxChars: TOOL_OUTPUT_MAX_CHARS,
-  })
-  return messages.length ? JSON.stringify(messages, null, 2) : undefined
-})
-
 function preserveRecentBudget(input: { cfg: Config.Info; model: Provider.Model }) {
   return (
     input.cfg.compaction?.preserve_recent_tokens ??
@@ -170,6 +150,7 @@ function turns(messages: MessageV2.WithParts[]) {
     result.push({
       start: i,
       end: messages.length,
+      id: msg.info.id,
     })
   }
   for (let i = 0; i < result.length - 1; i++) {
@@ -196,6 +177,7 @@ function splitTurn(input: {
       if (size > input.budget) continue
       return {
         start,
+        id: input.messages[start]!.info.id,
       } satisfies Tail
     }
     return undefined
@@ -262,7 +244,8 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
       messages: MessageV2.WithParts[]
       model: Provider.Model
     }) {
-      return Token.estimate((yield* serialize(input)) ?? "")
+      const msgs = yield* MessageV2.toModelMessagesEffect(input.messages, input.model)
+      return Token.estimate(JSON.stringify(msgs))
     })
 
     const select = Effect.fn("SessionCompaction.select")(function* (input: {
@@ -271,10 +254,10 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
       model: Provider.Model
     }) {
       const limit = input.cfg.compaction?.tail_turns ?? DEFAULT_TAIL_TURNS
-      if (limit <= 0) return { head: input.messages, tail: [] }
+      if (limit <= 0) return { head: input.messages, tail_start_id: undefined }
       const budget = preserveRecentBudget({ cfg: input.cfg, model: input.model })
       const all = turns(input.messages)
-      if (!all.length) return { head: input.messages, tail: [] }
+      if (!all.length) return { head: input.messages, tail_start_id: undefined }
       const recent = all.slice(-limit)
       const sizes = yield* Effect.forEach(
         recent,
@@ -293,7 +276,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
         const size = sizes[i]
         if (total + size <= budget) {
           total += size
-          keep = { start: turn.start }
+          keep = { start: turn.start, id: turn.id }
           continue
         }
         const remaining = budget - total
@@ -309,10 +292,10 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
         break
       }
 
-      if (!keep) return { head: input.messages, tail: [] }
+      if (!keep || keep.start === 0) return { head: input.messages, tail_start_id: undefined }
       return {
         head: input.messages.slice(0, keep.start),
-        tail: input.messages.slice(keep.start),
+        tail_start_id: keep.id,
       }
     })
 
@@ -423,10 +406,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
         { sessionID: input.sessionID },
         { context: [], prompt: undefined },
       )
-      const tailMessages = structuredClone(selected.tail)
-      yield* plugin.trigger("experimental.chat.messages.transform", {}, { messages: tailMessages })
-      const tail = yield* serialize({ messages: tailMessages, model })
-      const nextPrompt = compacting.prompt ?? buildPrompt({ previousSummary, context: compacting.context, tail })
+      const nextPrompt = compacting.prompt ?? buildPrompt({ previousSummary, context: compacting.context })
       const msgs = structuredClone(selected.head)
       yield* plugin.trigger("experimental.chat.messages.transform", {}, { messages: msgs })
       const modelMessages = yield* MessageV2.toModelMessagesEffect(msgs, model, {
@@ -493,6 +473,13 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
         return "stop"
       }
 
+      if (compactionPart && selected.tail_start_id && compactionPart.tail_start_id !== selected.tail_start_id) {
+        yield* session.updatePart({
+          ...compactionPart,
+          tail_start_id: selected.tail_start_id,
+        })
+      }
+
       if (result === "continue" && input.auto) {
         if (replay) {
           const original = replay.info
@@ -588,6 +575,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
             sessionID: input.sessionID,
             timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(Date.now()),
             text: summary ?? "",
+            include: selected.tail_start_id,
           })
         }
         yield* bus.publish(Event.Compacted, { sessionID: input.sessionID })

packages/opencode/src/session/message-error.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
+
+export const OutputLengthError = NamedError.create("MessageOutputLengthError", {})
+
+export const AuthError = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthError", {
+  providerID: Schema.String,
+  message: Schema.String,
+})
+
+export const Shared = [AuthError.EffectSchema, NamedError.Unknown.EffectSchema, OutputLengthError.EffectSchema] as const
+export const SharedSchema = Schema.Union(Shared)
+
+export * as MessageError from "./message-error"

packages/opencode/src/session/message-v2.ts

@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ import type { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { ModelID, ProviderID } from "@/provider/schema"
 import { Effect, Schema, Types } from "effect"
 import { NonNegativeInt } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { namedSchemaError } from "@/util/named-schema-error"
 import * as EffectLogger from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/logger"
+import { MessageError } from "./message-error"
+import { AuthError, OutputLengthError } from "./message-error"
+export { AuthError, OutputLengthError } from "./message-error"
 
 /** Error shape thrown by Bun's fetch() when gzip/br decompression fails mid-stream */
 interface FetchDecompressionError extends Error {
@@ -36,17 +38,12 @@ interface FetchDecompressionError extends Error {
 export const SYNTHETIC_ATTACHMENT_PROMPT = "Attached media from tool result:"
 export { isMedia }
 
-export const OutputLengthError = namedSchemaError("MessageOutputLengthError", {})
-export const AbortedError = namedSchemaError("MessageAbortedError", { message: Schema.String })
-export const StructuredOutputError = namedSchemaError("StructuredOutputError", {
+export const AbortedError = NamedError.create("MessageAbortedError", { message: Schema.String })
+export const StructuredOutputError = NamedError.create("StructuredOutputError", {
   message: Schema.String,
   retries: NonNegativeInt,
 })
-export const AuthError = namedSchemaError("ProviderAuthError", {
-  providerID: Schema.String,
-  message: Schema.String,
-})
-export const APIError = namedSchemaError("APIError", {
+export const APIError = NamedError.create("APIError", {
   message: Schema.String,
   statusCode: Schema.optional(NonNegativeInt),
   isRetryable: Schema.Boolean,
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ export const APIError = namedSchemaError("APIError", {
   metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String)),
 })
 export type APIError = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof APIError.Schema>
-export const ContextOverflowError = namedSchemaError("ContextOverflowError", {
+export const ContextOverflowError = NamedError.create("ContextOverflowError", {
   message: Schema.String,
   responseBody: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
 })
@@ -381,9 +378,7 @@ export type Part =
   | CompactionPart
 
 const AssistantErrorSchema = Schema.Union([
-  AuthError.EffectSchema,
-  NamedError.Unknown.EffectSchema,
-  OutputLengthError.EffectSchema,
+  ...MessageError.Shared,
   AbortedError.EffectSchema,
   StructuredOutputError.EffectSchema,
   ContextOverflowError.EffectSchema,
@@ -777,13 +772,12 @@ export const toModelMessagesEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
         return part.metadata?.anthropic?.signature != null
       })
       for (const part of msg.parts) {
-        if (msg.info.summary && part.type !== "text") continue
         if (part.type === "text") {
           const text = part.text === "" && hasSignedReasoning ? " " : part.text
           assistantMessage.parts.push({
             type: "text",
             text,
-            ...(differentModel || msg.info.summary ? {} : { providerMetadata: part.metadata }),
+            ...(differentModel ? {} : { providerMetadata: part.metadata }),
           })
         }
         if (part.type === "step-start")
@@ -1009,16 +1003,53 @@ export function get(input: { sessionID: SessionID; messageID: MessageID }): With
 export function filterCompacted(msgs: Iterable<WithParts>) {
   const result = [] as WithParts[]
   const completed = new Set<string>()
+  let retain: MessageID | undefined
   for (const msg of msgs) {
     result.push(msg)
-    if (msg.info.role === "user" && completed.has(msg.info.id)) {
-      if (msg.parts.some((item): item is CompactionPart => item.type === "compaction")) break
+    if (retain) {
+      if (msg.info.id === retain) break
       continue
     }
+    if (msg.info.role === "user" && completed.has(msg.info.id)) {
+      const part = msg.parts.find((item): item is CompactionPart => item.type === "compaction")
+      if (!part) continue
+      if (!part.tail_start_id) break
+      retain = part.tail_start_id
+      if (msg.info.id === retain) break
+      continue
+    }
+    if (msg.info.role === "user" && completed.has(msg.info.id) && msg.parts.some((part) => part.type === "compaction"))
+      break
     if (msg.info.role === "assistant" && msg.info.summary && msg.info.finish && !msg.info.error)
       completed.add(msg.info.parentID)
   }
   result.reverse()
+  const compactionIndex = result.findLastIndex(
+    (msg) =>
+      msg.info.role === "user" &&
+      msg.parts.some((item): item is CompactionPart => item.type === "compaction" && item.tail_start_id !== undefined),
+  )
+  const compaction = result[compactionIndex]
+  const part = compaction?.parts.find(
+    (item): item is CompactionPart => item.type === "compaction" && item.tail_start_id !== undefined,
+  )
+  const summaryIndex = compaction
+    ? result.findIndex(
+        (msg, index) =>
+          index > compactionIndex &&
+          msg.info.role === "assistant" &&
+          msg.info.summary &&
+          msg.info.parentID === compaction.info.id,
+      )
+    : -1
+  const tailIndex = part?.tail_start_id ? result.findIndex((msg) => msg.info.id === part.tail_start_id) : -1
+  if (tailIndex >= 0 && tailIndex < compactionIndex && summaryIndex > compactionIndex) {
+    return [
+      ...result.slice(compactionIndex, summaryIndex + 1),
+      ...result.slice(tailIndex, compactionIndex),
+      ...result.slice(summaryIndex + 1),
+    ]
+  }
   return result
 }
 

packages/opencode/src/session/message.ts

@@ -2,14 +2,9 @@ import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { SessionID } from "./schema"
 import { ModelID, ProviderID } from "../provider/schema"
 import { NonNegativeInt } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { namedSchemaError } from "@/util/named-schema-error"
-import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
-
-export const OutputLengthError = namedSchemaError("MessageOutputLengthError", {})
-export const AuthError = namedSchemaError("ProviderAuthError", {
-  providerID: Schema.String,
-  message: Schema.String,
-})
+import { MessageError } from "./message-error"
+import { AuthError, OutputLengthError } from "./message-error"
+export { AuthError, OutputLengthError } from "./message-error"
 
 export const ToolCall = Schema.Struct({
   state: Schema.Literal("call"),
@@ -105,9 +100,7 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
       created: NonNegativeInt,
       completed: Schema.optional(NonNegativeInt),
     }),
-    error: Schema.optional(
-      Schema.Union([AuthError.EffectSchema, NamedError.Unknown.EffectSchema, OutputLengthError.EffectSchema]),
-    ),
+    error: Schema.optional(MessageError.SharedSchema),
     sessionID: SessionID,
     tool: Schema.Record(
       Schema.String,

packages/opencode/src/session/projectors.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ function applyUsage(db: TxOrDb, sessionID: Session.Info["id"], value: Usage, sig
       tokens_reasoning: sql`${SessionTable.tokens_reasoning} + ${value.tokens.reasoning * sign}`,
       tokens_cache_read: sql`${SessionTable.tokens_cache_read} + ${value.tokens.cache.read * sign}`,
       tokens_cache_write: sql`${SessionTable.tokens_cache_write} + ${value.tokens.cache.write * sign}`,
+      time_updated: sql`${SessionTable.time_updated}`,
     })
     .where(eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID))
     .run()
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ export default [
     const info = data.info
     const row = db
       .update(SessionTable)
-      .set(toPartialRow(info as Session.Patch))
+      .set({ time_updated: sql`${SessionTable.time_updated}`, ...toPartialRow(info as Session.Patch) })
       .where(eq(SessionTable.id, data.sessionID))
       .returning()
       .get()

packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts

@@ -1083,8 +1083,8 @@ NOTE: At any point in time through this workflow you should feel free to ask the
     })
 
     const createUserMessage = Effect.fn("SessionPrompt.createUserMessage")(function* (input: PromptInput) {
-      const agentName = input.agent || (yield* agents.defaultAgent())
-      const ag = yield* agents.get(agentName)
+      const agentName = input.agent
+      const ag = agentName ? yield* agents.get(agentName) : yield* agents.defaultInfo()
       if (!ag) {
         const available = (yield* agents.list()).filter((a) => !a.hidden).map((a) => a.name)
         const hint = available.length ? ` Available agents: ${available.join(", ")}` : ""
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ NOTE: At any point in time through this workflow you should feel free to ask the
         yield* bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, { sessionID: input.sessionID, error: error.toObject() })
         throw error
       }
-      const agentName = cmd.agent ?? input.agent ?? (yield* agents.defaultAgent())
+      const agentName = cmd.agent ?? input.agent
 
       const raw = input.arguments.match(argsRegex) ?? []
       const args = raw.map((arg) => arg.replace(quoteTrimRegex, ""))
@@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ NOTE: At any point in time through this workflow you should feel free to ask the
 
       yield* getModel(taskModel.providerID, taskModel.modelID, input.sessionID)
 
-      const agent = yield* agents.get(agentName)
+      const agent = agentName ? yield* agents.get(agentName) : yield* agents.defaultInfo()
       if (!agent) {
         const available = (yield* agents.list()).filter((a) => !a.hidden).map((a) => a.name)
         const hint = available.length ? ` Available agents: ${available.join(", ")}` : ""
@@ -1952,7 +1952,7 @@ NOTE: At any point in time through this workflow you should feel free to ask the
           ]
         : [...templateParts, ...(input.parts ?? [])]
 
-      const userAgent = isSubtask ? (input.agent ?? (yield* agents.defaultAgent())) : agentName
+      const userAgent = isSubtask ? (input.agent ?? (yield* agents.defaultInfo()).name) : agent.name
       const userModel = isSubtask
         ? input.model
           ? Provider.parseModel(input.model)

packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts

@@ -160,11 +160,13 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
                 const result = yield* Effect.promise(() => def.execute(args as any, pluginCtx))
                 const output = typeof result === "string" ? result : result.output
                 const metadata = typeof result === "string" ? {} : (result.metadata ?? {})
+                const attachments = typeof result === "string" ? undefined : result.attachments
                 const info = yield* agent.get(toolCtx.agent)
                 const out = yield* truncate.output(output, {}, info)
                 return {
-                  title: "",
+                  title: typeof result === "string" ? "" : (result.title ?? ""),
                   output: out.truncated ? out.content : output,
+                  attachments,
                   metadata: {
                     ...metadata,
                     truncated: out.truncated,

packages/opencode/src/util/named-schema-error.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
-
-/**
- * Create a Schema-backed NamedError-shaped class.
- */
-export function namedSchemaError<Tag extends string, Fields extends Schema.Struct.Fields>(tag: Tag, fields: Fields) {
-  return NamedError.create(tag, fields)
-}

packages/opencode/test/agent/plan-mode-subagent-bypass.test.ts

@@ -18,110 +18,85 @@
  * permissions are passed through, and Plan Mode's restrictions live on the
  * agent, not the session.
  */
-import { test, expect, afterEach } from "bun:test"
+import { expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { disposeAllInstances, provideInstance, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { Agent } from "../../src/agent/agent"
 import { deriveSubagentSessionPermission } from "../../src/agent/subagent-permissions"
 import { Permission } from "../../src/permission"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-afterEach(async () => {
-  await disposeAllInstances()
-})
-
-function load<A>(dir: string, fn: (svc: Agent.Interface) => Effect.Effect<A>) {
-  return Effect.runPromise(provideInstance(dir)(Agent.Service.use(fn)).pipe(Effect.provide(Agent.defaultLayer)))
-}
+const it = testEffect(Agent.defaultLayer)
 
 // `deriveSubagentSessionPermission` is imported from production. The test
 // exercises the actual helper that task.ts uses to build the subagent's
 // session permission, so any regression in that helper trips this test.
 
-test("[#26514] subagent spawned from plan mode inherits read-only restriction (edit denied)", async () => {
-  await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-  await WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: tmp.path,
-    fn: async () => {
-      const planAgent = await load(tmp.path, (svc) => svc.get("plan"))
-      const generalAgent = await load(tmp.path, (svc) => svc.get("general"))
+it.instance("[#26514] subagent spawned from plan mode inherits read-only restriction (edit denied)", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const planAgent = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("plan"))
+    const generalAgent = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("general"))
 
-      expect(planAgent).toBeDefined()
-      expect(generalAgent).toBeDefined()
-      // Sanity: the plan agent itself blocks edit. (Note: `write` and
-      // `apply_patch` route through the `edit` permission at the runtime
-      // tool layer — see Permission.disabled / EDIT_TOOLS.)
-      expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/some/file.ts", planAgent!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+    expect(planAgent).toBeDefined()
+    expect(generalAgent).toBeDefined()
+    // Sanity: the plan agent itself blocks edit. (Note: `write` and
+    // `apply_patch` route through the `edit` permission at the runtime
+    // tool layer — see Permission.disabled / EDIT_TOOLS.)
+    expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/some/file.ts", planAgent!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
 
-      // Simulate the plan-mode parent session: in real flow the plan
-      // session's `permission` field is empty (Plan Mode lives on the agent
-      // ruleset, not the session). So we pass [] through as the parent
-      // session permission, exactly like the actual code path.
-      const parentSessionPermission: Permission.Ruleset = []
+    // Simulate the plan-mode parent session: in real flow the plan
+    // session's `permission` field is empty (Plan Mode lives on the agent
+    // ruleset, not the session). So we pass [] through as the parent
+    // session permission, exactly like the actual code path.
+    const parentSessionPermission: Permission.Ruleset = []
 
-      const subagentSessionPermission = deriveSubagentSessionPermission({
-        parentSessionPermission,
-        parentAgent: planAgent,
-        subagent: generalAgent!,
-      })
+    const subagentSessionPermission = deriveSubagentSessionPermission({
+      parentSessionPermission,
+      parentAgent: planAgent,
+      subagent: generalAgent!,
+    })
 
-      // Mirror the runtime evaluation in session/prompt.ts (~line 410, 639):
-      //   ruleset: Permission.merge(agent.permission, session.permission ?? [])
-      const effective = Permission.merge(generalAgent!.permission, subagentSessionPermission)
+    // Mirror the runtime evaluation in session/prompt.ts (~line 410, 639):
+    //   ruleset: Permission.merge(agent.permission, session.permission ?? [])
+    const effective = Permission.merge(generalAgent!.permission, subagentSessionPermission)
 
-      expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/some/file.ts", effective).action).toBe("deny")
-      expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/another/path/index.tsx", effective).action).toBe("deny")
-    },
-  })
-})
+    expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/some/file.ts", effective).action).toBe("deny")
+    expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/another/path/index.tsx", effective).action).toBe("deny")
+  }),
+)
 
-test("[#26514] explore subagent launched from plan mode also stays read-only", async () => {
+it.instance("[#26514] explore subagent launched from plan mode also stays read-only", () =>
   // Sibling check: even though `explore` is intrinsically read-only, the
   // bug surface is the same. Including this case to document that the fix
   // should propagate the parent **agent** permissions, not just deny edit
   // when the subagent happens to already deny it.
-  await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-  await WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: tmp.path,
-    fn: async () => {
-      const planAgent = await load(tmp.path, (svc) => svc.get("plan"))
-      const explore = await load(tmp.path, (svc) => svc.get("explore"))
-      expect(planAgent).toBeDefined()
-      expect(explore).toBeDefined()
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const planAgent = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("plan"))
+    const explore = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("explore"))
+    expect(planAgent).toBeDefined()
+    expect(explore).toBeDefined()
 
-      const parentSessionPermission: Permission.Ruleset = []
-      const subagentSessionPermission = deriveSubagentSessionPermission({
-        parentSessionPermission,
-        parentAgent: planAgent,
-        subagent: explore!,
-      })
-      const effective = Permission.merge(explore!.permission, subagentSessionPermission)
+    const parentSessionPermission: Permission.Ruleset = []
+    const subagentSessionPermission = deriveSubagentSessionPermission({
+      parentSessionPermission,
+      parentAgent: planAgent,
+      subagent: explore!,
+    })
+    const effective = Permission.merge(explore!.permission, subagentSessionPermission)
 
-      // Already deny — sanity check.
-      expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/x.ts", effective).action).toBe("deny")
-    },
-  })
-})
+    // Already deny — sanity check.
+    expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/x.ts", effective).action).toBe("deny")
+  }),
+)
 
-test("[#26514] custom user subagent launched from plan mode bypasses Plan Mode read-only", async () => {
+it.instance(
+  "[#26514] custom user subagent launched from plan mode bypasses Plan Mode read-only",
   // The most damaging case: a user-defined subagent with default
   // permissions (allow-by-default, like `general`). The subagent must NOT
   // be able to edit when the parent agent is `plan`.
-  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-    config: {
-      agent: {
-        my_subagent: {
-          description: "A user-defined subagent",
-          mode: "subagent",
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  })
-  await WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: tmp.path,
-    fn: async () => {
-      const planAgent = await load(tmp.path, (svc) => svc.get("plan"))
-      const my = await load(tmp.path, (svc) => svc.get("my_subagent"))
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const planAgent = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("plan"))
+      const my = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("my_subagent"))
       expect(planAgent).toBeDefined()
       expect(my).toBeDefined()
 
@@ -136,6 +111,15 @@ test("[#26514] custom user subagent launched from plan mode bypasses Plan Mode r
       // BUG: on origin/dev edit resolves to "allow" because the plan
       // agent's `edit: deny *` rule never reaches the subagent.
       expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", "/some/file.ts", effective).action).toBe("deny")
+    }),
+  {
+    config: {
+      agent: {
+        my_subagent: {
+          description: "A user-defined subagent",
+          mode: "subagent",
+        },
+      },
     },
-  })
-})
+  },
+)

packages/opencode/test/bus/bus-integration.test.ts

@@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+import { afterEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
 import { BusEvent } from "../../src/bus/bus-event"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
-import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { disposeAllInstances, provideInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const TestEvent = BusEvent.define("test.integration", Schema.Struct({ value: Schema.Number }))
-
-function withInstance(directory: string, fn: () => Promise<void>) {
-  return WithInstance.provide({ directory, fn })
-}
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Bus.layer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
 
 describe("Bus integration: acquireRelease subscriber pattern", () => {
   afterEach(() => disposeAllInstances())
 
-  test("subscriber via callback facade receives events and cleans up on unsub", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-    const received: number[] = []
+  it.instance("subscriber via callback facade receives events and cleans up on unsub", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+      const received: number[] = []
+      const receivedTwo = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-    await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-      const unsub = Bus.subscribe(TestEvent, (evt) => {
+      const unsub = yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent, (evt) => {
         received.push(evt.properties.value)
+        if (received.length === 2) Deferred.doneUnsafe(receivedTwo, Effect.void)
       })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
-      await Bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 1 })
-      await Bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 2 })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
+      yield* bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 1 })
+      yield* bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 2 })
+      yield* Deferred.await(receivedTwo).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
       expect(received).toEqual([1, 2])
 
-      unsub()
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
-      await Bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 3 })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
+      yield* Effect.sync(unsub)
+      yield* bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 3 })
+      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
 
       expect(received).toEqual([1, 2])
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("subscribeAll receives events from multiple types", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-    const received: Array<{ type: string; value?: number }> = []
+  it.instance("subscribeAll receives events from multiple types", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+      const received: Array<{ type: string; value?: number }> = []
+      const OtherEvent = BusEvent.define("test.other", Schema.Struct({ value: Schema.Number }))
+      const receivedTwo = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-    const OtherEvent = BusEvent.define("test.other", Schema.Struct({ value: Schema.Number }))
-
-    await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-      Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
+      yield* bus.subscribeAllCallback((evt) => {
         received.push({ type: evt.type, value: evt.properties.value })
+        if (received.length === 2) Deferred.doneUnsafe(receivedTwo, Effect.void)
       })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
-      await Bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 10 })
-      await Bus.publish(OtherEvent, { value: 20 })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
-    })
+      yield* bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 10 })
+      yield* bus.publish(OtherEvent, { value: 20 })
+      yield* Deferred.await(receivedTwo).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-    expect(received).toEqual([
-      { type: "test.integration", value: 10 },
-      { type: "test.other", value: 20 },
-    ])
-  })
+      expect(received).toEqual([
+        { type: "test.integration", value: 10 },
+        { type: "test.other", value: 20 },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("subscriber cleanup on instance disposal interrupts the stream", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-    const received: number[] = []
-    let disposed = false
+  it.live("subscriber cleanup on instance disposal interrupts the stream", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped()
+      const received: number[] = []
+      const seen = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const disposed = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-    await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-      Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
-        if (evt.type === Bus.InstanceDisposed.type) {
-          disposed = true
-          return
-        }
-        received.push(evt.properties.value)
-      })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
-      await Bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 1 })
-      await Bun.sleep(10)
-    })
+      yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        yield* bus.subscribeAllCallback((evt) => {
+          if (evt.type === Bus.InstanceDisposed.type) {
+            Deferred.doneUnsafe(disposed, Effect.void)
+            return
+          }
+          received.push(evt.properties.value)
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(seen, Effect.void)
+        })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent, { value: 1 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(seen).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
+      }).pipe(provideInstance(dir))
 
-    await disposeAllInstances()
-    await Bun.sleep(50)
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => disposeAllInstances())
+      yield* Deferred.await(disposed).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-    expect(received).toEqual([1])
-    expect(disposed).toBe(true)
-  })
+      expect(received).toEqual([1])
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/bus/bus.test.ts

@@ -1,220 +1,240 @@
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { afterEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
 import { BusEvent } from "../../src/bus/bus-event"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
-import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { disposeAllInstances, provideInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const TestEvent = {
   Ping: BusEvent.define("test.ping", Schema.Struct({ value: Schema.Number })),
   Pong: BusEvent.define("test.pong", Schema.Struct({ message: Schema.String })),
 }
 
-function withInstance(directory: string, fn: () => Promise<void>) {
-  return WithInstance.provide({ directory, fn })
-}
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Bus.layer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
 
 describe("Bus", () => {
   afterEach(() => disposeAllInstances())
 
   describe("publish + subscribe", () => {
-    test("subscriber is live immediately after subscribe returns", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const received: number[] = []
+    it.instance("subscriber is live immediately after subscribe returns", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const received: number[] = []
+        const done = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
           received.push(evt.properties.value)
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(done, Effect.void)
         })
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 42 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 42 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(done).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(received).toEqual([42])
-    })
+        expect(received).toEqual([42])
+      }),
+    )
 
-    test("subscriber receives matching events", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const received: number[] = []
+    it.instance("subscriber receives matching events", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const received: number[] = []
+        const done = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
           received.push(evt.properties.value)
+          if (received.length === 2) Deferred.doneUnsafe(done, Effect.void)
         })
-        // Give the subscriber fiber time to start consuming
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 42 })
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 99 })
-        // Give subscriber time to process
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 42 })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 99 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(done).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(received).toEqual([42, 99])
-    })
+        expect(received).toEqual([42, 99])
+      }),
+    )
 
-    test("subscriber does not receive events of other types", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const pings: number[] = []
+    it.instance("subscriber does not receive events of other types", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const pings: number[] = []
+        const done = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
           pings.push(evt.properties.value)
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(done, Effect.void)
         })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Pong, { message: "hello" })
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Pong, { message: "hello" })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(done).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(pings).toEqual([1])
-    })
+        expect(pings).toEqual([1])
+      }),
+    )
 
-    test("publish with no subscribers does not throw", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-      })
-    })
+    it.instance("publish with no subscribers does not throw", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+      }),
+    )
   })
 
   describe("unsubscribe", () => {
-    test("unsubscribe stops delivery", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const received: number[] = []
+    it.instance("unsubscribe stops delivery", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const received: number[] = []
+        const first = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        const unsub = Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+        const unsub = yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
           received.push(evt.properties.value)
+          if (evt.properties.value === 1) Deferred.doneUnsafe(first, Effect.void)
         })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        unsub()
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 2 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(first).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
+        yield* Effect.sync(unsub)
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 2 })
+        yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
 
-      expect(received).toEqual([1])
-    })
+        expect(received).toEqual([1])
+      }),
+    )
   })
 
   describe("subscribeAll", () => {
-    test("subscribeAll is live immediately after subscribe returns", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const received: string[] = []
+    it.instance("subscribeAll is live immediately after subscribe returns", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const received: string[] = []
+        const done = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeAllCallback((evt) => {
           received.push(evt.type)
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(done, Effect.void)
         })
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(done).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(received).toEqual(["test.ping"])
-    })
+        expect(received).toEqual(["test.ping"])
+      }),
+    )
 
-    test("receives all event types", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const received: string[] = []
+    it.instance("receives all event types", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const received: string[] = []
+        const done = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeAllCallback((evt) => {
           received.push(evt.type)
+          if (received.length === 2) Deferred.doneUnsafe(done, Effect.void)
         })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Pong, { message: "hi" })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Pong, { message: "hi" })
+        yield* Deferred.await(done).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(received).toContain("test.ping")
-      expect(received).toContain("test.pong")
-    })
+        expect(received).toContain("test.ping")
+        expect(received).toContain("test.pong")
+      }),
+    )
   })
 
   describe("multiple subscribers", () => {
-    test("all subscribers for same event type are called", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const a: number[] = []
-      const b: number[] = []
+    it.instance("all subscribers for same event type are called", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+        const a: number[] = []
+        const b: number[] = []
+        const doneA = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const doneB = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
           a.push(evt.properties.value)
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(doneA, Effect.void)
         })
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+        yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
           b.push(evt.properties.value)
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(doneB, Effect.void)
         })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 7 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 7 })
+        yield* Deferred.await(doneA).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
+        yield* Deferred.await(doneB).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(a).toEqual([7])
-      expect(b).toEqual([7])
-    })
+        expect(a).toEqual([7])
+        expect(b).toEqual([7])
+      }),
+    )
   })
 
   describe("instance isolation", () => {
-    test("events in one directory do not reach subscribers in another", async () => {
-      await using tmpA = await tmpdir()
-      await using tmpB = await tmpdir()
-      const receivedA: number[] = []
-      const receivedB: number[] = []
+    it.live("events in one directory do not reach subscribers in another", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const tmpA = yield* tmpdirScoped()
+        const tmpB = yield* tmpdirScoped()
+        const receivedA: number[] = []
+        const receivedB: number[] = []
+        const doneA = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const doneB = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmpA.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
-          receivedA.push(evt.properties.value)
-        })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+          yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+            receivedA.push(evt.properties.value)
+            Deferred.doneUnsafe(doneA, Effect.void)
+          })
+        }).pipe(provideInstance(tmpA))
 
-      await withInstance(tmpB.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
-          receivedB.push(evt.properties.value)
-        })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+          yield* bus.subscribeCallback(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+            receivedB.push(evt.properties.value)
+            Deferred.doneUnsafe(doneB, Effect.void)
+          })
+        }).pipe(provideInstance(tmpB))
 
-      await withInstance(tmpA.path, async () => {
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+          yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        }).pipe(provideInstance(tmpA))
 
-      await withInstance(tmpB.path, async () => {
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 2 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+          yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 2 })
+        }).pipe(provideInstance(tmpB))
 
-      expect(receivedA).toEqual([1])
-      expect(receivedB).toEqual([2])
-    })
+        yield* Deferred.await(doneA).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
+        yield* Deferred.await(doneB).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
+
+        expect(receivedA).toEqual([1])
+        expect(receivedB).toEqual([2])
+      }),
+    )
   })
 
   describe("instance disposal", () => {
-    test("InstanceDisposed is delivered to wildcard subscribers before stream ends", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const received: string[] = []
+    it.live("InstanceDisposed is delivered to wildcard subscribers before stream ends", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const tmp = yield* tmpdirScoped()
+        const received: string[] = []
+        const seen = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const disposed = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
-        Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
-          received.push(evt.type)
-        })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
-        await Bun.sleep(10)
-      })
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+          yield* bus.subscribeAllCallback((evt) => {
+            received.push(evt.type)
+            if (evt.type === TestEvent.Ping.type) Deferred.doneUnsafe(seen, Effect.void)
+            if (evt.type === Bus.InstanceDisposed.type) Deferred.doneUnsafe(disposed, Effect.void)
+          })
+          yield* bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+          yield* Deferred.await(seen).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
+        }).pipe(provideInstance(tmp))
 
-      // disposeAllInstances triggers the finalizer which publishes InstanceDisposed
-      await disposeAllInstances()
-      await Bun.sleep(50)
+        yield* Effect.promise(disposeAllInstances)
+        yield* Deferred.await(disposed).pipe(Effect.timeout("2 seconds"))
 
-      expect(received).toContain("test.ping")
-      expect(received).toContain(Bus.InstanceDisposed.type)
-    })
+        expect(received).toContain("test.ping")
+        expect(received).toContain(Bus.InstanceDisposed.type)
+      }),
+    )
   })
 })

packages/opencode/test/cli/error.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { AccountTransportError } from "../../src/account/schema"
 import { FormatError } from "../../src/cli/error"
+import { UI } from "../../src/cli/ui"
 
 describe("cli.error", () => {
   test("formats account transport errors clearly", () => {
@@ -15,4 +16,8 @@ describe("cli.error", () => {
     expect(formatted).toContain("This failed before the server returned an HTTP response.")
     expect(formatted).toContain("Check your network, proxy, or VPN configuration and try again.")
   })
+
+  test("formats cancelled UI errors as empty output", () => {
+    expect(FormatError(new UI.CancelledError())).toBe("")
+  })
 })

packages/opencode/test/config/agent-color.test.ts

@@ -1,58 +1,50 @@
 import { test, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
-import path from "path"
-import { provideInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { Agent as AgentSvc } from "../../src/agent/agent"
 import { Color } from "@/util/color"
-import { AppRuntime } from "../../src/effect/app-runtime"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(AgentSvc.defaultLayer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Config.defaultLayer, AgentSvc.defaultLayer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
 
-const writeConfig = (dir: string, agent: Config.Info["agent"]) =>
-  Effect.promise(() =>
-    Bun.write(
-      path.join(dir, "opencode.json"),
-      JSON.stringify({
-        $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
-        agent,
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-it.live("agent color parsed from project config", () =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped()
-    yield* writeConfig(dir, {
-      build: { color: "#FFA500" },
-      plan: { color: "primary" },
-    })
-
-    yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((svc) => svc.get())))
+it.instance(
+  "agent color parsed from project config",
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cfg = yield* Config.Service.use((svc) => svc.get())
       expect(cfg.agent?.["build"]?.color).toBe("#FFA500")
       expect(cfg.agent?.["plan"]?.color).toBe("primary")
-    }).pipe(provideInstance(dir))
-  }),
+    }),
+  {
+    git: true,
+    config: {
+      agent: {
+        build: { color: "#FFA500" },
+        plan: { color: "primary" },
+      },
+    },
+  },
 )
 
-it.live("Agent.get includes color from config", () =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped()
-    yield* writeConfig(dir, {
-      plan: { color: "#A855F7" },
-      build: { color: "accent" },
-    })
-
-    yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+it.instance(
+  "Agent.get includes color from config",
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plan = yield* AgentSvc.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("plan"))
       expect(plan?.color).toBe("#A855F7")
       const build = yield* AgentSvc.Service.use((svc) => svc.get("build"))
       expect(build?.color).toBe("accent")
-    }).pipe(provideInstance(dir))
-  }),
+    }),
+  {
+    git: true,
+    config: {
+      agent: {
+        plan: { color: "#A855F7" },
+        build: { color: "accent" },
+      },
+    },
+  },
 )
 
 test("Color.hexToAnsiBold converts valid hex to ANSI", () => {

packages/opencode/test/effect/runner.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ import { Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Latch, Ref, Scope } from "effect"
 import { Runner } from "@/effect/runner"
 import { it } from "../lib/effect"
 
+const waitForState = <A, E>(runner: Runner.Runner<A, E>, tag: Runner.State<A, E>["_tag"]) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    while (runner.state._tag !== tag) yield* Effect.yieldNow
+  }).pipe(Effect.timeout("1 second"))
+
 describe("Runner", () => {
   // --- ensureRunning semantics ---
 
@@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const s = yield* Scope.Scope
       const runner = Runner.make<string>(s, { onInterrupt: Effect.succeed("fallback") })
       const fiber = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.never.pipe(Effect.as("never"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Running")
 
       yield* runner.cancel
 
@@ -169,9 +174,9 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const runner = Runner.make<string>(s, { onInterrupt: Effect.succeed("fallback") })
 
       const a = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.never.pipe(Effect.as("x"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Running")
       const b = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.succeed("y")).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
       yield* runner.cancel
 
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const s = yield* Scope.Scope
       const runner = Runner.make<string>(s)
       const fiber = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.never.pipe(Effect.as("x"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Running")
       yield* runner.cancel
       yield* Fiber.await(fiber)
 
@@ -215,7 +220,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
         )
 
         const a = yield* runner.ensureRunning(first).pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+        yield* waitForState(runner, "Running")
 
         const stop = yield* runner.cancel.pipe(Effect.forkChild)
         yield* Deferred.await(hit).pipe(Effect.timeout("250 millis"))
@@ -293,7 +298,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
       const sh = yield* runner.startShell(Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.as("first"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
 
       const exit = yield* runner.startShell(Effect.succeed("second")).pipe(Effect.exit)
       expect(Exit.isFailure(exit)).toBe(true)
@@ -314,7 +319,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       })
 
       const sh = yield* runner.startShell(Effect.never.pipe(Effect.as("aborted"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
 
       const exit = yield* runner.startShell(Effect.succeed("second")).pipe(Effect.exit)
       expect(Exit.isFailure(exit)).toBe(true)
@@ -333,7 +338,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
       const sh = yield* runner.startShell(Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.as("ignored"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
 
       const stop = yield* runner.cancel.pipe(Effect.forkChild)
       const stopExit = yield* Fiber.await(stop).pipe(Effect.timeout("250 millis"))
@@ -380,11 +385,11 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
       const sh = yield* runner.startShell(Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.as("shell-result"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
       expect(runner.state._tag).toBe("Shell")
 
       const run = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.succeed("run-result")).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "ShellThenRun")
       expect(runner.state._tag).toBe("ShellThenRun")
 
       yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
@@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
       const sh = yield* runner.startShell(Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.as("shell"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
 
       const work = Effect.gen(function* () {
         yield* Ref.update(calls, (n) => n + 1)
@@ -414,7 +419,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       })
       const a = yield* runner.ensureRunning(work).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
       const b = yield* runner.ensureRunning(work).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "ShellThenRun")
 
       yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
       yield* Fiber.await(sh)
@@ -433,10 +438,10 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const runner = Runner.make<string>(s)
 
       const sh = yield* runner.startShell(Effect.never.pipe(Effect.as("aborted"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
 
       const run = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.succeed("y")).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "ShellThenRun")
       expect(runner.state._tag).toBe("ShellThenRun")
 
       yield* runner.cancel
@@ -472,7 +477,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
         onIdle: Ref.update(count, (n) => n + 1),
       })
       const fiber = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Effect.never.pipe(Effect.as("x"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Running")
       yield* runner.cancel
       yield* Fiber.await(fiber)
       expect(yield* Ref.get(count)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
@@ -502,7 +507,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
       const fiber = yield* runner.ensureRunning(Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.as("ok"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Running")
       expect(runner.busy).toBe(true)
 
       yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
@@ -519,7 +524,7 @@ describe("Runner", () => {
       const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
       const fiber = yield* runner.startShell(Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.as("ok"))).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+      yield* waitForState(runner, "Shell")
       expect(runner.busy).toBe(true)
 
       yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)

packages/opencode/test/file/fsmonitor.test.ts

@@ -3,67 +3,71 @@ import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
-import { File } from "../../src/file"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
-import { provideInstance, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 
-const run = <A, E>(eff: Effect.Effect<A, E, File.Service>) =>
-  Effect.runPromise(provideInstance(Instance.directory)(eff.pipe(Effect.provide(File.defaultLayer))))
-const status = () => run(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.status()))
-const read = (file: string) => run(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.read(file)))
-
-const wintest = process.platform === "win32" ? test : test.skip
+const it =
+  process.platform === "win32"
+    ? (await import("../lib/effect")).testEffect((await import("../../src/file")).File.defaultLayer)
+    : undefined
 
 describe("file fsmonitor", () => {
-  wintest("status does not start fsmonitor for readonly git checks", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const target = path.join(tmp.path, "tracked.txt")
+  if (!it) {
+    test.skip("status does not start fsmonitor for readonly git checks", () => {})
+    test.skip("read does not start fsmonitor for git diffs", () => {})
+    return
+  }
 
-    await fs.writeFile(target, "base\n")
-    await $`git add tracked.txt`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git commit -m init`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git config core.fsmonitor true`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git fsmonitor--daemon stop`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-    await fs.writeFile(target, "next\n")
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "new.txt"), "new\n")
+  it.instance(
+    "status does not start fsmonitor for readonly git checks",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const { File } = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("../../src/file"))
+        const { TestInstance } = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("../fixture/fixture"))
+        const directory = (yield* TestInstance).directory
+        const target = path.join(directory, "tracked.txt")
 
-    const before = await $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-    expect(before.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(target, "base\n"))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git add tracked.txt`.cwd(directory).quiet())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git commit -m init`.cwd(directory).quiet())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git config core.fsmonitor true`.cwd(directory).quiet())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git fsmonitor--daemon stop`.cwd(directory).quiet().nothrow())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(target, "next\n"))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(directory, "new.txt"), "new\n"))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await status()
-      },
-    })
+        const before = yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(directory).quiet().nothrow())
+        expect(before.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
 
-    const after = await $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-    expect(after.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
-  })
+        yield* File.Service.use((svc) => svc.status())
 
-  wintest("read does not start fsmonitor for git diffs", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const target = path.join(tmp.path, "tracked.txt")
+        const after = yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(directory).quiet().nothrow())
+        expect(after.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-    await fs.writeFile(target, "base\n")
-    await $`git add tracked.txt`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git commit -m init`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git config core.fsmonitor true`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git fsmonitor--daemon stop`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-    await fs.writeFile(target, "next\n")
+  it.instance(
+    "read does not start fsmonitor for git diffs",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const { File } = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("../../src/file"))
+        const { TestInstance } = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("../fixture/fixture"))
+        const directory = (yield* TestInstance).directory
+        const target = path.join(directory, "tracked.txt")
 
-    const before = await $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-    expect(before.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(target, "base\n"))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git add tracked.txt`.cwd(directory).quiet())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git commit -m init`.cwd(directory).quiet())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git config core.fsmonitor true`.cwd(directory).quiet())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git fsmonitor--daemon stop`.cwd(directory).quiet().nothrow())
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(target, "next\n"))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await read("tracked.txt")
-      },
-    })
+        const before = yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(directory).quiet().nothrow())
+        expect(before.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
 
-    const after = await $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-    expect(after.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
-  })
+        yield* File.Service.use((svc) => svc.read("tracked.txt"))
+
+        const after = yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git fsmonitor--daemon status`.cwd(directory).quiet().nothrow())
+        expect(after.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/file/path-traversal.test.ts

@@ -1,42 +1,55 @@
-import { test, expect, describe } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { expect, describe } from "bun:test"
+import { Cause, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
 import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { File } from "../../src/file"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
+import { InstanceState } from "../../src/effect/instance-state"
 import { containsPath } from "../../src/project/instance-context"
-import { provideInstance, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { TestInstance } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const run = <A, E>(eff: Effect.Effect<A, E, File.Service>) =>
-  Effect.runPromise(provideInstance(Instance.directory)(eff.pipe(Effect.provide(File.defaultLayer))))
-const read = (file: string) => run(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.read(file)))
-const list = (dir?: string) => run(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.list(dir)))
+const it = testEffect(File.defaultLayer)
+const read = (file: string) => File.Service.use((svc) => svc.read(file))
+const list = (dir?: string) => File.Service.use((svc) => svc.list(dir))
+const expectAccessDenied = <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const exit = yield* effect.pipe(Effect.exit)
+    if (Exit.isSuccess(exit)) throw new Error("expected access denied")
+    expect(Cause.squash(exit.cause)).toHaveProperty("message", "Access denied: path escapes project directory")
+  })
 
 describe("Filesystem.contains", () => {
-  test("allows paths within project", () => {
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/src")).toBe(true)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/src/file.ts")).toBe(true)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project")).toBe(true)
-  })
+  it.effect("allows paths within project", () =>
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/src")).toBe(true)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/src/file.ts")).toBe(true)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project")).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("blocks ../ traversal", () => {
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/../etc")).toBe(false)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/src/../../etc")).toBe(false)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/etc/passwd")).toBe(false)
-  })
+  it.effect("blocks ../ traversal", () =>
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/../etc")).toBe(false)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project/src/../../etc")).toBe(false)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/etc/passwd")).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("blocks absolute paths outside project", () => {
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/etc/passwd")).toBe(false)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/tmp/file")).toBe(false)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/home/user/project", "/home/user/other")).toBe(false)
-  })
+  it.effect("blocks absolute paths outside project", () =>
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/etc/passwd")).toBe(false)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/tmp/file")).toBe(false)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/home/user/project", "/home/user/other")).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("handles prefix collision edge cases", () => {
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project-other/file")).toBe(false)
-    expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/projectfile")).toBe(false)
-  })
+  it.effect("handles prefix collision edge cases", () =>
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/project-other/file")).toBe(false)
+      expect(Filesystem.contains("/project", "/projectfile")).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  )
 })
 
 /*
@@ -49,158 +62,124 @@ describe("Filesystem.contains", () => {
  * This is a SEPARATE code path from ReadTool, which has its own checks.
  */
 describe("File.read path traversal protection", () => {
-  test("rejects ../ traversal attempting to read /etc/passwd", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "allowed.txt"), "allowed content")
-      },
-    })
+  it.instance("rejects ../ traversal attempting to read /etc/passwd", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(path.join(test.directory, "allowed.txt"), "allowed content"))
+      yield* expectAccessDenied(read("../../../etc/passwd"))
+    }),
+  )
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await expect(read("../../../etc/passwd")).rejects.toThrow("Access denied: path escapes project directory")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+  it.instance("rejects deeply nested traversal", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* expectAccessDenied(read("src/nested/../../../../../../../etc/passwd"))
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("rejects deeply nested traversal", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+  it.instance("allows valid paths within project", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(path.join(test.directory, "valid.txt"), "valid content"))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await expect(read("src/nested/../../../../../../../etc/passwd")).rejects.toThrow(
-          "Access denied: path escapes project directory",
-        )
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("allows valid paths within project", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "valid.txt"), "valid content")
-      },
-    })
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const result = await read("valid.txt")
-        expect(result.content).toBe("valid content")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      const result = yield* read("valid.txt")
+      expect(result.content).toBe("valid content")
+    }),
+  )
 })
 
 describe("File.list path traversal protection", () => {
-  test("rejects ../ traversal attempting to list /etc", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+  it.instance("rejects ../ traversal attempting to list /etc", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* expectAccessDenied(list("../../../etc"))
+    }),
+  )
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await expect(list("../../../etc")).rejects.toThrow("Access denied: path escapes project directory")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+  it.instance("allows valid subdirectory listing", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(path.join(test.directory, "subdir", "file.txt"), "content"))
 
-  test("allows valid subdirectory listing", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "subdir", "file.txt"), "content")
-      },
-    })
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const result = await list("subdir")
-        expect(Array.isArray(result)).toBe(true)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      const result = yield* list("subdir")
+      expect(Array.isArray(result)).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  )
 })
 
 describe("containsPath", () => {
-  test("returns true for path inside directory", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "returns true for path inside directory",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
+        expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, "foo.txt"), ctx)).toBe(true)
+        expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, "src", "file.ts"), ctx)).toBe(true)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: () => {
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, "foo.txt"), Instance.current)).toBe(true)
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, "src", "file.ts"), Instance.current)).toBe(true)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+  it.instance(
+    "returns true for path inside worktree but outside directory (monorepo subdirectory scenario)",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const subdir = path.join(test.directory, "packages", "lib")
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(subdir, { recursive: true }))
+        const ctx = { ...(yield* InstanceState.context), directory: subdir }
 
-  test("returns true for path inside worktree but outside directory (monorepo subdirectory scenario)", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const subdir = path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "lib")
-    await fs.mkdir(subdir, { recursive: true })
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: subdir,
-      fn: () => {
         // .opencode at worktree root, but we're running from packages/lib
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, ".opencode", "state"), Instance.current)).toBe(true)
+        expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, ".opencode", "state"), ctx)).toBe(true)
         // sibling package should also be accessible
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "other", "file.ts"), Instance.current)).toBe(true)
+        expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "other", "file.ts"), ctx)).toBe(true)
         // worktree root itself
-        expect(containsPath(tmp.path, Instance.current)).toBe(true)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+        expect(containsPath(test.directory, ctx)).toBe(true)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("returns false for path outside both directory and worktree", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "returns false for path outside both directory and worktree",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
+        expect(containsPath("/etc/passwd", ctx)).toBe(false)
+        expect(containsPath("/tmp/other-project", ctx)).toBe(false)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: () => {
-        expect(containsPath("/etc/passwd", Instance.current)).toBe(false)
-        expect(containsPath("/tmp/other-project", Instance.current)).toBe(false)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+  it.instance(
+    "returns false for path with .. escaping worktree",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
+        expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, "..", "escape.txt"), ctx)).toBe(false)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("returns false for path with .. escaping worktree", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "handles directory === worktree (running from repo root)",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
+        expect(ctx.directory).toBe(ctx.worktree)
+        expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, "file.txt"), ctx)).toBe(true)
+        expect(containsPath("/etc/passwd", ctx)).toBe(false)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: () => {
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, "..", "escape.txt"), Instance.current)).toBe(false)
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("handles directory === worktree (running from repo root)", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: () => {
-        expect(Instance.directory).toBe(Instance.worktree)
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt"), Instance.current)).toBe(true)
-        expect(containsPath("/etc/passwd", Instance.current)).toBe(false)
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("non-git project does not allow arbitrary paths via worktree='/'", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir() // no git: true
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: () => {
-        // worktree is "/" for non-git projects, but containsPath should NOT allow all paths
-        expect(containsPath(path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt"), Instance.current)).toBe(true)
-        expect(containsPath("/etc/passwd", Instance.current)).toBe(false)
-        expect(containsPath("/tmp/other", Instance.current)).toBe(false)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+  it.instance("non-git project does not allow arbitrary paths via worktree='/'", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
+      // worktree is "/" for non-git projects, but containsPath should NOT allow all paths
+      expect(containsPath(path.join(test.directory, "file.txt"), ctx)).toBe(true)
+      expect(containsPath("/etc/passwd", ctx)).toBe(false)
+      expect(containsPath("/tmp/other", ctx)).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/file/ripgrep.test.ts

@@ -1,214 +1,220 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import * as Stream from "effect/Stream"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
+import os from "os"
 import path from "path"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { Ripgrep } from "../../src/file/ripgrep"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const run = <A>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, unknown, Ripgrep.Service>) =>
-  effect.pipe(Effect.provide(Ripgrep.defaultLayer), Effect.runPromise)
+const it = testEffect(Ripgrep.defaultLayer)
+
+const tmpdir = (init?: (dir: string) => Effect.Effect<void>) =>
+  Effect.acquireRelease(
+    Effect.promise(async () => fs.realpath(await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-test-")))),
+    (dir) =>
+      Effect.promise(() =>
+        fs.rm(dir, {
+          recursive: true,
+          force: true,
+          maxRetries: 5,
+          retryDelay: 100,
+        }),
+      ).pipe(Effect.ignore),
+  ).pipe(Effect.tap((dir) => init?.(dir) ?? Effect.void))
+
+const write = (file: string, data: string) => Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(file, data))
+const mkdir = (dir: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(dir, { recursive: true }))
+const collectFiles = (input: Ripgrep.FilesInput) =>
+  Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
+    rg.files(input).pipe(
+      Stream.runCollect,
+      Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
+    ),
+  )
+
+const withRipgrepConfig = <A, E, R>(value: string, effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
+  Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const prev = process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"]
+      process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"] = value
+      return prev
+    }),
+    () => effect,
+    (prev) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        if (prev === undefined) delete process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"]
+        else process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"] = prev
+      }),
+  )
 
 describe("file.ripgrep", () => {
-  test("defaults to include hidden", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "visible.txt"), "hello")
-        await fs.mkdir(path.join(dir, ".opencode"), { recursive: true })
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, ".opencode", "thing.json"), "{}")
-      },
-    })
+  it.live("defaults to include hidden", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "visible.txt"), "hello")
+          yield* mkdir(path.join(dir, ".opencode"))
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, ".opencode", "thing.json"), "{}")
+        }),
+      )
 
-    const files = await run(
-      Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
-        rg.files({ cwd: tmp.path }).pipe(
-          Stream.runCollect,
-          Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-    expect(files.includes("visible.txt")).toBe(true)
-    expect(files.includes(path.join(".opencode", "thing.json"))).toBe(true)
-  })
+      const files = yield* collectFiles({ cwd: dir })
+      expect(files.includes("visible.txt")).toBe(true)
+      expect(files.includes(path.join(".opencode", "thing.json"))).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("hidden false excludes hidden", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "visible.txt"), "hello")
-        await fs.mkdir(path.join(dir, ".opencode"), { recursive: true })
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, ".opencode", "thing.json"), "{}")
-      },
-    })
+  it.live("hidden false excludes hidden", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "visible.txt"), "hello")
+          yield* mkdir(path.join(dir, ".opencode"))
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, ".opencode", "thing.json"), "{}")
+        }),
+      )
 
-    const files = await run(
-      Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
-        rg.files({ cwd: tmp.path, hidden: false }).pipe(
-          Stream.runCollect,
-          Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-    expect(files.includes("visible.txt")).toBe(true)
-    expect(files.includes(path.join(".opencode", "thing.json"))).toBe(false)
-  })
+      const files = yield* collectFiles({ cwd: dir, hidden: false })
+      expect(files.includes("visible.txt")).toBe(true)
+      expect(files.includes(path.join(".opencode", "thing.json"))).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("search returns empty when nothing matches", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const value = 'other'\n")
-      },
-    })
+  it.live("search returns empty when nothing matches", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) => write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const value = 'other'\n"))
 
-    const result = await run(Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: tmp.path, pattern: "needle" })))
-    expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
-    expect(result.items).toEqual([])
-  })
+      const result = yield* Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: dir, pattern: "needle" }))
+      expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
+      expect(result.items).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("search returns match metadata with normalized path", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await fs.mkdir(path.join(dir, "src"), { recursive: true })
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "src", "match.ts"), "const needle = 1\n")
-      },
-    })
+  it.live("search returns match metadata with normalized path", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* mkdir(path.join(dir, "src"))
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "src", "match.ts"), "const needle = 1\n")
+        }),
+      )
 
-    const result = await run(Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: tmp.path, pattern: "needle" })))
-    expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
-    expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
-    expect(result.items[0]?.path.text).toBe(path.join("src", "match.ts"))
-    expect(result.items[0]?.line_number).toBe(1)
-    expect(result.items[0]?.lines.text).toContain("needle")
-  })
-
-  test("search returns matched rows with glob filter", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const value = 'needle'\n")
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "skip.txt"), "const value = 'other'\n")
-      },
-    })
-
-    const result = await run(
-      Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: tmp.path, pattern: "needle", glob: ["*.ts"] })),
-    )
-    expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
-    expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
-    expect(result.items[0]?.path.text).toContain("match.ts")
-    expect(result.items[0]?.lines.text).toContain("needle")
-  })
-
-  test("search supports explicit file targets", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const value = 'needle'\n")
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "skip.ts"), "const value = 'needle'\n")
-      },
-    })
-
-    const file = path.join(tmp.path, "match.ts")
-    const result = await run(Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: tmp.path, pattern: "needle", file: [file] })))
-    expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
-    expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
-    expect(result.items[0]?.path.text).toBe(file)
-  })
-
-  test("files returns empty when glob matches no files", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await fs.mkdir(path.join(dir, "packages", "console"), { recursive: true })
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "packages", "console", "package.json"), "{}")
-      },
-    })
-
-    const files = await run(
-      Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
-        rg.files({ cwd: tmp.path, glob: ["packages/*"] }).pipe(
-          Stream.runCollect,
-          Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-    expect(files).toEqual([])
-  })
-
-  test("files returns stream of filenames", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "a.txt"), "hello")
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "b.txt"), "world")
-      },
-    })
-
-    const files = await run(
-      Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
-        rg.files({ cwd: tmp.path }).pipe(
-          Stream.runCollect,
-          Effect.map((c) => [...c].sort()),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-    expect(files).toEqual(["a.txt", "b.txt"])
-  })
-
-  test("files respects glob filter", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "keep.ts"), "yes")
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "skip.txt"), "no")
-      },
-    })
-
-    const files = await run(
-      Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
-        rg.files({ cwd: tmp.path, glob: ["*.ts"] }).pipe(
-          Stream.runCollect,
-          Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-    expect(files).toEqual(["keep.ts"])
-  })
-
-  test("files dies on nonexistent directory", async () => {
-    const exit = await Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
-      rg.files({ cwd: "/tmp/nonexistent-dir-12345" }).pipe(Stream.runCollect),
-    ).pipe(Effect.provide(Ripgrep.defaultLayer), Effect.runPromiseExit)
-    expect(exit._tag).toBe("Failure")
-  })
-
-  test("ignores RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH in direct mode", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const needle = 1\n")
-      },
-    })
-
-    const prev = process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"]
-    process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"] = path.join(tmp.path, "missing-ripgreprc")
-    try {
-      const result = await run(Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: tmp.path, pattern: "needle" })))
+      const result = yield* Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: dir, pattern: "needle" }))
+      expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
       expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
-    } finally {
-      if (prev === undefined) delete process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"]
-      else process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"] = prev
-    }
-  })
+      expect(result.items[0]?.path.text).toBe(path.join("src", "match.ts"))
+      expect(result.items[0]?.line_number).toBe(1)
+      expect(result.items[0]?.lines.text).toContain("needle")
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("ignores RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH in worker mode", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const needle = 1\n")
-      },
-    })
+  it.live("search returns matched rows with glob filter", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const value = 'needle'\n")
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "skip.txt"), "const value = 'other'\n")
+        }),
+      )
 
-    const prev = process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"]
-    process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"] = path.join(tmp.path, "missing-ripgreprc")
-    try {
-      const result = await run(Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: tmp.path, pattern: "needle" })))
+      const result = yield* Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: dir, pattern: "needle", glob: ["*.ts"] }))
+      expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
       expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
-    } finally {
-      if (prev === undefined) delete process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"]
-      else process.env["RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH"] = prev
-    }
-  })
+      expect(result.items[0]?.path.text).toContain("match.ts")
+      expect(result.items[0]?.lines.text).toContain("needle")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("search supports explicit file targets", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const value = 'needle'\n")
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "skip.ts"), "const value = 'needle'\n")
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const file = path.join(dir, "match.ts")
+      const result = yield* Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: dir, pattern: "needle", file: [file] }))
+      expect(result.partial).toBe(false)
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(result.items[0]?.path.text).toBe(file)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("files returns empty when glob matches no files", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* mkdir(path.join(dir, "packages", "console"))
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "packages", "console", "package.json"), "{}")
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const files = yield* collectFiles({ cwd: dir, glob: ["packages/*"] })
+      expect(files).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("files returns stream of filenames", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "a.txt"), "hello")
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "b.txt"), "world")
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const files = yield* collectFiles({ cwd: dir }).pipe(Effect.map((files) => files.sort()))
+      expect(files).toEqual(["a.txt", "b.txt"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("files respects glob filter", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "keep.ts"), "yes")
+          yield* write(path.join(dir, "skip.txt"), "no")
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const files = yield* collectFiles({ cwd: dir, glob: ["*.ts"] })
+      expect(files).toEqual(["keep.ts"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("files dies on nonexistent directory", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const exit = yield* Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) =>
+        rg.files({ cwd: "/tmp/nonexistent-dir-12345" }).pipe(Stream.runCollect),
+      ).pipe(Effect.exit)
+      expect(exit._tag).toBe("Failure")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("ignores RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH in direct mode", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) => write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const needle = 1\n"))
+
+      const result = yield* withRipgrepConfig(
+        path.join(dir, "missing-ripgreprc"),
+        Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: dir, pattern: "needle" })),
+      )
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("ignores RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH in worker mode", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const dir = yield* tmpdir((dir) => write(path.join(dir, "match.ts"), "const needle = 1\n"))
+
+      const result = yield* withRipgrepConfig(
+        path.join(dir, "missing-ripgreprc"),
+        Ripgrep.Service.use((rg) => rg.search({ cwd: dir, pattern: "needle" })),
+      )
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1)
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/fixture/fixture.ts

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export function tmpdirScoped(options?: { git?: boolean; config?: Partial<Config.
       yield* git("config", "commit.gpgsign", "false")
       yield* git("config", "user.email", "test@opencode.test")
       yield* git("config", "user.name", "Test")
-      yield* git("commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "root commit")
+      yield* git("commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", `root commit ${dir}`)
     }
 
     if (options?.config) {

packages/opencode/test/git/git.test.ts

@@ -1,71 +1,70 @@
 import { $ } from "bun"
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
-import { ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Git } from "../../src/git"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const weird = process.platform === "win32" ? "space file.txt" : "tab\tfile.txt"
+const it = testEffect(Git.defaultLayer)
 
-async function withGit<T>(body: (rt: ManagedRuntime.ManagedRuntime<Git.Service, never>) => Promise<T>) {
-  const rt = ManagedRuntime.make(Git.defaultLayer)
-  try {
-    return await body(rt)
-  } finally {
-    await rt.dispose()
-  }
-}
+const scopedTmpdir = (options?: Parameters<typeof tmpdir>[0]) =>
+  Effect.acquireRelease(
+    Effect.promise(() => tmpdir(options)),
+    (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+  )
 
 describe("Git", () => {
-  test("branch() returns current branch name", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const branch = await rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.branch(tmp.path)))
+  it.live("branch() returns current branch name", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const branch = yield* git.branch(tmp.path)
       expect(branch).toBeDefined()
       expect(typeof branch).toBe("string")
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("branch() returns undefined for non-git directories", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const branch = await rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.branch(tmp.path)))
+  it.live("branch() returns undefined for non-git directories", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir()
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const branch = yield* git.branch(tmp.path)
       expect(branch).toBeUndefined()
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("branch() returns undefined for detached HEAD", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const hash = (await $`git rev-parse HEAD`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().text()).trim()
-    await $`git checkout --detach ${hash}`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const branch = await rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.branch(tmp.path)))
+  it.live("branch() returns undefined for detached HEAD", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      const hash = (yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git rev-parse HEAD`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().text())).trim()
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git checkout --detach ${hash}`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const branch = yield* git.branch(tmp.path)
       expect(branch).toBeUndefined()
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("defaultBranch() uses init.defaultBranch when available", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await $`git branch -M trunk`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git config init.defaultBranch trunk`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const branch = await rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.defaultBranch(tmp.path)))
+  it.live("defaultBranch() uses init.defaultBranch when available", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git branch -M trunk`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git config init.defaultBranch trunk`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const branch = yield* git.defaultBranch(tmp.path)
       expect(branch?.name).toBe("trunk")
       expect(branch?.ref).toBe("trunk")
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("status() handles special filenames", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "hello\n", "utf-8")
-
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const status = await rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.status(tmp.path)))
+  it.live("status() handles special filenames", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "hello\n", "utf-8"))
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const status = yield* git.status(tmp.path)
       expect(status).toEqual(
         expect.arrayContaining([
           expect.objectContaining({
@@ -74,23 +73,24 @@ describe("Git", () => {
           }),
         ]),
       )
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("diff(), stats(), and mergeBase() parse tracked changes", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await $`git branch -M main`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "before\n", "utf-8")
-    await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git checkout -b feature/test`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "after\n", "utf-8")
+  it.live("diff(), stats(), and mergeBase() parse tracked changes", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git branch -M main`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "before\n", "utf-8"))
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git checkout -b feature/test`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "after\n", "utf-8"))
 
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const [base, diff, stats] = await Promise.all([
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.mergeBase(tmp.path, "main"))),
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.diff(tmp.path, "HEAD"))),
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.stats(tmp.path, "HEAD"))),
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const [base, diff, stats] = yield* Effect.all([
+        git.mergeBase(tmp.path, "main"),
+        git.diff(tmp.path, "HEAD"),
+        git.stats(tmp.path, "HEAD"),
       ])
 
       expect(base).toBeTruthy()
@@ -111,23 +111,24 @@ describe("Git", () => {
           }),
         ]),
       )
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("patch() returns capped native patch output", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "before\n", "utf-8")
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "other.txt"), "old\n", "utf-8")
-    await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "after\n", "utf-8")
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "other.txt"), "new\n", "utf-8")
+  it.live("patch() returns capped native patch output", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "before\n", "utf-8"))
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "other.txt"), "old\n", "utf-8"))
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "after\n", "utf-8"))
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "other.txt"), "new\n", "utf-8"))
 
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const [patch, all, capped] = await Promise.all([
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.patch(tmp.path, "HEAD", weird, { context: 2_147_483_647 }))),
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.patchAll(tmp.path, "HEAD", { context: 2_147_483_647 }))),
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.patch(tmp.path, "HEAD", weird, { maxOutputBytes: 1 }))),
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const [patch, all, capped] = yield* Effect.all([
+        git.patch(tmp.path, "HEAD", weird, { context: 2_147_483_647 }),
+        git.patchAll(tmp.path, "HEAD", { context: 2_147_483_647 }),
+        git.patch(tmp.path, "HEAD", weird, { maxOutputBytes: 1 }),
       ])
 
       expect(patch.truncated).toBe(false)
@@ -140,17 +141,18 @@ describe("Git", () => {
       expect(all.text).toContain("+new")
       expect(capped.truncated).toBe(true)
       expect(capped.text).toBe("")
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("patchUntracked() and statUntracked() handle added files", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "one\ntwo\n", "utf-8")
+  it.live("patchUntracked() and statUntracked() handle added files", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, weird), "one\ntwo\n", "utf-8"))
 
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const [patch, stat] = await Promise.all([
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.patchUntracked(tmp.path, weird, { context: 2_147_483_647 }))),
-        rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.statUntracked(tmp.path, weird))),
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const [patch, stat] = yield* Effect.all([
+        git.patchUntracked(tmp.path, weird, { context: 2_147_483_647 }),
+        git.statUntracked(tmp.path, weird),
       ])
 
       expect(patch.truncated).toBe(false)
@@ -158,18 +160,19 @@ describe("Git", () => {
       expect(patch.text).toContain("+one")
       expect(patch.text).toContain("+two")
       expect(stat).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ file: weird, additions: 2, deletions: 0 }))
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("show() returns empty text for binary blobs", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "bin.dat"), new Uint8Array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
-    await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add binary"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
+  it.live("show() returns empty text for binary blobs", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* scopedTmpdir({ git: true })
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "bin.dat"), new Uint8Array([0, 1, 2, 3])))
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add binary"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet())
 
-    await withGit(async (rt) => {
-      const text = await rt.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.show(tmp.path, "HEAD", "bin.dat")))
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const text = yield* git.show(tmp.path, "HEAD", "bin.dat")
       expect(text).toBe("")
-    })
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/image/image.test.ts

@@ -6,11 +6,24 @@ import { TestConfig } from "../fixture/config"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Image.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(TestConfig.layer()))))
+const enforcing = testEffect(
+  Layer.mergeAll(
+    Image.layer.pipe(
+      Layer.provide(
+        TestConfig.layer({
+          get: () => Effect.succeed({ attachment: { image: { enforce_limits: true, auto_resize: true } } }),
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  ),
+)
 const tiny = testEffect(
   Layer.mergeAll(
     Image.layer.pipe(
       Layer.provide(
-        TestConfig.layer({ get: () => Effect.succeed({ attachment: { image: { max_base64_bytes: 1 } } }) }),
+        TestConfig.layer({
+          get: () => Effect.succeed({ attachment: { image: { enforce_limits: true, max_base64_bytes: 1 } } }),
+        }),
       ),
     ),
   ),
@@ -28,7 +41,16 @@ function part(mime: string, data: string) {
 }
 
 describe("Image", () => {
-  it.effect("normalizes generated png and jpeg attachments", () =>
+  it.effect("passes images through by default without loading the resizer", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const image = yield* Image.Service
+      const input = part("image/png", "not-valid-image-data")
+
+      expect(yield* image.normalize(input)).toEqual(input)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  enforcing.effect("normalizes generated png and jpeg attachments when limit enforcement is enabled", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const photon = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@silvia-odwyer/photon-node"))
       const source = new photon.PhotonImage(

packages/opencode/test/plugin/auth-override.test.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import path from "path"
-import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
 import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { provideTestInstance, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
+import { provideInstance, TestInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { ProviderAuth } from "@/provider/auth"
 import { ProviderID } from "../../src/provider/schema"
 import { Plugin } from "@/plugin"
 import { Auth } from "@/auth"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { TestConfig } from "../fixture/config"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer, AppFileSystem.defaultLayer))
 
 function layer(directory: string, plugins: string[]) {
   return ProviderAuth.layer.pipe(
@@ -37,13 +41,15 @@ function layer(directory: string, plugins: string[]) {
 }
 
 describe("plugin.auth-override", () => {
-  test("user plugin overrides built-in github-copilot auth", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      init: async (dir) => {
-        const pluginDir = path.join(dir, ".opencode", "plugin")
-        await fs.mkdir(pluginDir, { recursive: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "user plugin overrides built-in github-copilot auth",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const tmp = yield* TestInstance
+        const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+        const pluginDir = path.join(tmp.directory, ".opencode", "plugin")
 
-        await Bun.write(
+        yield* fs.writeWithDirs(
           path.join(pluginDir, "custom-copilot-auth.ts"),
           [
             "export default {",
@@ -61,37 +67,26 @@ describe("plugin.auth-override", () => {
             "",
           ].join("\n"),
         )
-      },
-    })
 
-    await using plain = await tmpdir()
+        const plain = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+        const plugin = pathToFileURL(path.join(pluginDir, "custom-copilot-auth.ts")).href
+        const methods = yield* ProviderAuth.Service.use((svc) => svc.methods()).pipe(
+          Effect.provide(layer(tmp.directory, [plugin])),
+        )
+        const plainMethods = yield* ProviderAuth.Service.use((svc) => svc.methods()).pipe(
+          Effect.provide(layer(plain, [])),
+          provideInstance(plain),
+        )
 
-    const plugin = pathToFileURL(path.join(tmp.path, ".opencode", "plugin", "custom-copilot-auth.ts")).href
-    const [methods, plainMethods] = await Promise.all([
-      provideTestInstance({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          return Effect.runPromise(
-            ProviderAuth.Service.use((svc) => svc.methods()).pipe(Effect.provide(layer(tmp.path, [plugin]))),
-          )
-        },
+        const copilot = methods[ProviderID.make("github-copilot")]
+        expect(copilot).toBeDefined()
+        expect(copilot.length).toBe(1)
+        expect(copilot[0].label).toBe("Test Override Auth")
+        expect(plainMethods[ProviderID.make("github-copilot")][0].label).not.toBe("Test Override Auth")
       }),
-      provideTestInstance({
-        directory: plain.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          return Effect.runPromise(
-            ProviderAuth.Service.use((svc) => svc.methods()).pipe(Effect.provide(layer(plain.path, []))),
-          )
-        },
-      }),
-    ])
-
-    const copilot = methods[ProviderID.make("github-copilot")]
-    expect(copilot).toBeDefined()
-    expect(copilot.length).toBe(1)
-    expect(copilot[0].label).toBe("Test Override Auth")
-    expect(plainMethods[ProviderID.make("github-copilot")][0].label).not.toBe("Test Override Auth")
-  }, 30000)
+    { git: true },
+    30000,
+  )
 })
 
 const file = path.join(import.meta.dir, "../../src/plugin/index.ts")

packages/opencode/test/project/instance-bootstrap.test.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
-import { afterEach, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { afterEach, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { existsSync } from "node:fs"
 import path from "node:path"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { bootstrap as cliBootstrap } from "../../src/cli/bootstrap"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
-import { InstanceRuntime } from "../../src/project/instance-runtime"
-import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { InstanceLayer } from "../../src/project/instance-layer"
+import { InstanceStore } from "../../src/project/instance-store"
+import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(InstanceLayer.layer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
 
 // InstanceBootstrap must run before any code touches the instance —
 // originally tracked by PRs #25389 and #25449, now a permanent
@@ -19,58 +24,64 @@ afterEach(async () => {
   await disposeAllInstances()
 })
 
-async function bootstrapFixture() {
-  return tmpdir({
-    init: async (dir) => {
-      const marker = path.join(dir, "config-hook-fired")
-      const pluginFile = path.join(dir, "plugin.ts")
-      await Bun.write(
-        pluginFile,
-        [
-          `const MARKER = ${JSON.stringify(marker)}`,
-          "export default async () => ({",
-          "  config: async () => {",
-          '    await Bun.write(MARKER, "ran")',
-          "  },",
-          "})",
-          "",
-        ].join("\n"),
-      )
-      await Bun.write(
-        path.join(dir, "opencode.json"),
-        JSON.stringify({
-          $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
-          plugin: [pathToFileURL(pluginFile).href],
-        }),
-      )
-      return marker
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-test("WithInstance.provide runs InstanceBootstrap before fn", async () => {
-  await using tmp = await bootstrapFixture()
-
-  await WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: tmp.path,
-    fn: async () => "ok",
-  })
-
-  expect(existsSync(tmp.extra)).toBe(true)
+const bootstrapFixture = Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+  const marker = path.join(dir, "config-hook-fired")
+  const pluginFile = path.join(dir, "plugin.ts")
+  yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+    Bun.write(
+      pluginFile,
+      [
+        `const MARKER = ${JSON.stringify(marker)}`,
+        "export default async () => ({",
+        "  config: async () => {",
+        '    await Bun.write(MARKER, "ran")',
+        "  },",
+        "})",
+        "",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    ),
+  )
+  yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+    Bun.write(
+      path.join(dir, "opencode.json"),
+      JSON.stringify({
+        $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
+        plugin: [pathToFileURL(pluginFile).href],
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  return { directory: dir, marker }
 })
 
-test("CLI bootstrap runs InstanceBootstrap before callback", async () => {
-  await using tmp = await bootstrapFixture()
+it.live("InstanceStore.provide runs InstanceBootstrap before effect", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const tmp = yield* bootstrapFixture
+    const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
 
-  await cliBootstrap(tmp.path, async () => "ok")
+    yield* store.provide({ directory: tmp.directory }, Effect.succeed("ok"))
 
-  expect(existsSync(tmp.extra)).toBe(true)
-})
+    expect(existsSync(tmp.marker)).toBe(true)
+  }),
+)
 
-test("InstanceRuntime.reloadInstance runs InstanceBootstrap", async () => {
-  await using tmp = await bootstrapFixture()
+it.live("CLI bootstrap runs InstanceBootstrap before callback", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const tmp = yield* bootstrapFixture
 
-  await InstanceRuntime.reloadInstance({ directory: tmp.path })
+    yield* Effect.promise(() => cliBootstrap(tmp.directory, async () => "ok"))
 
-  expect(existsSync(tmp.extra)).toBe(true)
-})
+    expect(existsSync(tmp.marker)).toBe(true)
+  }),
+)
+
+it.live("InstanceStore.reload runs InstanceBootstrap", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const tmp = yield* bootstrapFixture
+    const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
+
+    yield* store.reload({ directory: tmp.directory })
+
+    expect(existsSync(tmp.marker)).toBe(true)
+  }),
+)

packages/opencode/test/project/instance.test.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
-import { Effect, Fiber, Layer } from "effect"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, Layer } from "effect"
 import { InstanceRef } from "../../src/effect/instance-ref"
 import { registerDisposer } from "../../src/effect/instance-registry"
 import { InstanceBootstrap } from "../../src/project/bootstrap-service"
 import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { InstanceStore } from "../../src/project/instance-store"
-import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { disposeAllInstances, TestInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 let bootstrapRun: Effect.Effect<void> = Effect.void
@@ -75,18 +74,18 @@ describe("InstanceStore", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
       const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
-      const started = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
-      const release = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
+      const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const release = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       let initialized = 0
 
-      bootstrapRun = Effect.promise(async () => {
+      bootstrapRun = Effect.gen(function* () {
         initialized++
-        started.resolve()
-        await release.promise
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(started, undefined)
+        yield* Deferred.await(release)
       })
       const first = yield* store.load({ directory: dir }).pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
 
-      yield* Effect.promise(() => started.promise)
+      yield* Deferred.await(started)
 
       bootstrapRun = Effect.sync(() => {
         initialized++
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ describe("InstanceStore", () => {
       const second = yield* store.load({ directory: dir }).pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
 
       expect(initialized).toBe(1)
-      release.resolve()
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(release, undefined)
 
       const [firstCtx, secondCtx] = yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(first), Fiber.join(second)])
       expect(secondCtx).toBe(firstCtx)
@@ -147,8 +146,8 @@ describe("InstanceStore", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
       const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
-      const reloading = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
-      const releaseReload = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
+      const reloading = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const releaseReload = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       const disposed: Array<string> = []
       const off = registerDisposer(async (directory) => {
         disposed.push(directory)
@@ -156,15 +155,15 @@ describe("InstanceStore", () => {
       yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(off))
 
       const first = yield* store.load({ directory: dir })
-      bootstrapRun = Effect.promise(async () => {
-        reloading.resolve()
-        await releaseReload.promise
+      bootstrapRun = Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(reloading, undefined)
+        yield* Deferred.await(releaseReload)
       })
       const reload = yield* store.reload({ directory: dir }).pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
 
-      yield* Effect.promise(() => reloading.promise)
+      yield* Deferred.await(reloading)
       const staleDispose = yield* store.dispose(first).pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
-      releaseReload.resolve()
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(releaseReload, undefined)
 
       const second = yield* Fiber.join(reload)
       yield* Fiber.join(staleDispose)
@@ -178,23 +177,23 @@ describe("InstanceStore", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
       const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
-      const disposing = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
-      const releaseDispose = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
+      const disposing = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const releaseDispose = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       const disposed: Array<string> = []
       const off = registerDisposer(async (directory) => {
         disposed.push(directory)
-        disposing.resolve()
-        await releaseDispose.promise
+        Deferred.doneUnsafe(disposing, Effect.void)
+        await Effect.runPromise(Deferred.await(releaseDispose))
       })
       yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(off))
 
       yield* store.load({ directory: dir })
       const first = yield* store.disposeAll().pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
-      yield* Effect.promise(() => disposing.promise)
+      yield* Deferred.await(disposing)
       const second = yield* store.disposeAll().pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
 
       expect(disposed).toEqual([dir])
-      releaseDispose.resolve()
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(releaseDispose, undefined)
       yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(first), Fiber.join(second)])
       expect(disposed).toEqual([dir])
     }),
@@ -221,19 +220,19 @@ describe("InstanceStore", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.live("provides legacy Promise callers with instance ALS", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "provides legacy Promise callers with instance ALS",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+        if (!ctx) throw new Error("InstanceRef not provided")
 
-      const directory = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-        WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: dir,
-          fn: () => Instance.directory,
-        }),
-      )
+        const directory = yield* Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(Instance.restore(ctx, () => Instance.directory)))
 
-      expect(directory).toBe(dir)
-      expect(() => Instance.current).toThrow()
-    }),
+        expect(directory).toBe(test.directory)
+        expect(() => Instance.current).toThrow()
+      }),
+    { git: true },
   )
 })

packages/opencode/test/project/migrate-global.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Project } from "@/project/project"
 import { Database } from "@/storage/db"
 import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
@@ -8,19 +8,14 @@ import { ProjectID } from "../../src/project/schema"
 import { SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { $ } from "bun"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-Log.init({ print: false })
+void Log.init({ print: false })
 
-function run<A>(fn: (svc: Project.Interface) => Effect.Effect<A>) {
-  return Effect.runPromise(
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const svc = yield* Project.Service
-      return yield* fn(svc)
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(Project.defaultLayer)),
-  )
-}
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Project.defaultLayer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
 
 function legacySessionID() {
   // Global-session migration covers persisted IDs from before prefixed session IDs.
@@ -63,91 +58,102 @@ function ensureGlobal() {
 }
 
 describe("migrateFromGlobal", () => {
-  test("migrates global sessions on first project creation", async () => {
-    // 1. Start with git init but no commits — creates "global" project row
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-    await $`git init`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git config user.name "Test"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git config user.email "test@opencode.test"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    await $`git config commit.gpgsign false`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-    const { project: pre } = await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
-    expect(pre.id).toBe(ProjectID.global)
+  it.live("migrates global sessions on first project creation", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      // 1. Start with git init but no commits — creates "global" project row
+      const tmp = yield* tmpdirScoped()
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git init`.cwd(tmp).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git config user.name "Test"`.cwd(tmp).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git config user.email "test@opencode.test"`.cwd(tmp).quiet())
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git config commit.gpgsign false`.cwd(tmp).quiet())
+      const projects = yield* Project.Service
+      const { project: pre } = yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
+      expect(pre.id).toBe(ProjectID.global)
 
-    // 2. Seed a session under "global" with matching directory
-    const id = legacySessionID()
-    seed({ id, dir: tmp.path, project: ProjectID.global })
+      // 2. Seed a session under "global" with matching directory
+      const id = legacySessionID()
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => seed({ id, dir: tmp, project: ProjectID.global }))
 
-    // 3. Make a commit so the project gets a real ID
-    await $`git commit --allow-empty -m "root"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
+      // 3. Make a commit so the project gets a real ID
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git commit --allow-empty -m "root"`.cwd(tmp).quiet())
 
-    const { project: real } = await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
-    expect(real.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
+      const { project: real } = yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
+      expect(real.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
 
-    // 4. The session should have been migrated to the real project ID
-    const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
-    expect(row).toBeDefined()
-    expect(row!.project_id).toBe(real.id)
-  })
+      // 4. The session should have been migrated to the real project ID
+      const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
+      expect(row).toBeDefined()
+      expect(row!.project_id).toBe(real.id)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("migrates global sessions even when project row already exists", async () => {
-    // 1. Create a repo with a commit — real project ID created immediately
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const { project } = await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
-    expect(project.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
+  it.live("migrates global sessions even when project row already exists", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      // 1. Create a repo with a commit — real project ID created immediately
+      const tmp = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+      const projects = yield* Project.Service
+      const { project } = yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
+      expect(project.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
 
-    // 2. Ensure "global" project row exists (as it would from a prior no-git session)
-    ensureGlobal()
+      // 2. Ensure "global" project row exists (as it would from a prior no-git session)
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => ensureGlobal())
 
-    // 3. Seed a session under "global" with matching directory.
-    //    This simulates a session created before git init that wasn't
-    //    present when the real project row was first created.
-    const id = legacySessionID()
-    seed({ id, dir: tmp.path, project: ProjectID.global })
+      // 3. Seed a session under "global" with matching directory.
+      //    This simulates a session created before git init that wasn't
+      //    present when the real project row was first created.
+      const id = legacySessionID()
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => seed({ id, dir: tmp, project: ProjectID.global }))
 
-    // 4. Call fromDirectory again — project row already exists,
-    //    so the current code skips migration entirely. This is the bug.
-    await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
+      // 4. Call fromDirectory again — project row already exists,
+      //    so the current code skips migration entirely. This is the bug.
+      yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
 
-    const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
-    expect(row).toBeDefined()
-    expect(row!.project_id).toBe(project.id)
-  })
+      const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
+      expect(row).toBeDefined()
+      expect(row!.project_id).toBe(project.id)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("does not claim sessions with empty directory", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const { project } = await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
-    expect(project.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
+  it.live("does not claim sessions with empty directory", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+      const projects = yield* Project.Service
+      const { project } = yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
+      expect(project.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
 
-    ensureGlobal()
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => ensureGlobal())
 
-    // Legacy sessions may lack a directory value.
-    // Without a matching origin directory, they should remain global.
-    const id = legacySessionID()
-    seed({ id, dir: "", project: ProjectID.global })
+      // Legacy sessions may lack a directory value.
+      // Without a matching origin directory, they should remain global.
+      const id = legacySessionID()
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => seed({ id, dir: "", project: ProjectID.global }))
 
-    await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
+      yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
 
-    const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
-    expect(row).toBeDefined()
-    expect(row!.project_id).toBe(ProjectID.global)
-  })
+      const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
+      expect(row).toBeDefined()
+      expect(row!.project_id).toBe(ProjectID.global)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("does not steal sessions from unrelated directories", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const { project } = await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
-    expect(project.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
+  it.live("does not steal sessions from unrelated directories", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tmp = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+      const projects = yield* Project.Service
+      const { project } = yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
+      expect(project.id).not.toBe(ProjectID.global)
 
-    ensureGlobal()
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => ensureGlobal())
 
-    // Seed a session under "global" but for a DIFFERENT directory
-    const id = legacySessionID()
-    seed({ id, dir: "/some/other/dir", project: ProjectID.global })
+      // Seed a session under "global" but for a DIFFERENT directory
+      const id = legacySessionID()
+      yield* Effect.sync(() => seed({ id, dir: "/some/other/dir", project: ProjectID.global }))
 
-    await run((svc) => svc.fromDirectory(tmp.path))
-
-    const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
-    expect(row).toBeDefined()
-    // Should remain under "global" — not stolen
-    expect(row!.project_id).toBe(ProjectID.global)
-  })
+      yield* projects.fromDirectory(tmp)
+      const row = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).where(eq(SessionTable.id, id)).get())
+      expect(row).toBeDefined()
+      // Should remain under "global" — not stolen
+      expect(row!.project_id).toBe(ProjectID.global)
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/provider/digitalocean.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import { test, expect, afterEach } from "bun:test"
+import path from "path"
+
+import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
+import { Provider } from "../../src/provider/provider"
+import { ProviderID } from "../../src/provider/schema"
+import { Env } from "../../src/env"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { AppRuntime } from "../../src/effect/app-runtime"
+import { makeRuntime } from "../../src/effect/run-service"
+
+const envRuntime = makeRuntime(Env.Service, Env.defaultLayer)
+const set = (k: string, v: string) => envRuntime.runSync((svc) => svc.set(k, v))
+
+async function list() {
+  return AppRuntime.runPromise(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const provider = yield* Provider.Service
+      return yield* provider.list()
+    }),
+  )
+}
+
+const DIGITALOCEAN = ProviderID.make("digitalocean")
+
+const originalAuthContent = process.env.OPENCODE_AUTH_CONTENT
+afterEach(() => {
+  if (originalAuthContent === undefined) delete process.env.OPENCODE_AUTH_CONTENT
+  else process.env.OPENCODE_AUTH_CONTENT = originalAuthContent
+})
+
+function injectAuth(metadata: Record<string, string> | undefined) {
+  process.env.OPENCODE_AUTH_CONTENT = JSON.stringify({
+    digitalocean: {
+      type: "api",
+      key: "sk_do_test",
+      ...(metadata ? { metadata } : {}),
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+test("digitalocean provider autoloads from DIGITALOCEAN_ACCESS_TOKEN", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
+    init: async (dir) => {
+      await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "opencode.json"), JSON.stringify({ $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json" }))
+    },
+  })
+  await WithInstance.provide({
+    directory: tmp.path,
+    fn: async () => {
+      set("DIGITALOCEAN_ACCESS_TOKEN", "test-token")
+      const providers = await list()
+      expect(providers[DIGITALOCEAN]).toBeDefined()
+      expect(providers[DIGITALOCEAN].source).toBe("env")
+      const baseModel = Object.values(providers[DIGITALOCEAN].models)[0]
+      expect(baseModel.api.url).toBe("https://inference.do-ai.run/v1")
+      expect(baseModel.api.npm).toBe("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible")
+      const routerEntries = Object.keys(providers[DIGITALOCEAN].models).filter((id) => id.startsWith("router:"))
+      expect(routerEntries.length).toBe(0)
+    },
+  })
+})
+
+test("digitalocean provider.models surfaces cached routers from auth metadata", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
+    init: async (dir) => {
+      await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "opencode.json"), JSON.stringify({ $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json" }))
+    },
+  })
+  injectAuth({
+    routers: JSON.stringify([
+      { name: "my-router", uuid: "11f1499a-aaaa-bbbb-cccc-4e013e2ddde4" },
+      { name: "other-router", uuid: "22f1499a-aaaa-bbbb-cccc-4e013e2ddde4" },
+    ]),
+    routers_fetched_at: String(Date.now()),
+    oauth_access: "doo_v1_test",
+    oauth_expires: String(Date.now() + 60 * 60 * 1000),
+  })
+  await WithInstance.provide({
+    directory: tmp.path,
+    fn: async () => {
+      const providers = await list()
+      const models = providers[DIGITALOCEAN].models
+      expect(models["router:my-router"]).toBeDefined()
+      expect(models["router:my-router"].api.id).toBe("router:my-router")
+      expect(models["router:my-router"].api.url).toBe("https://inference.do-ai.run/v1")
+      expect(models["router:my-router"].api.npm).toBe("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible")
+      expect(models["router:other-router"]).toBeDefined()
+    },
+  })
+})
+
+test("digitalocean provider.models skips refresh when oauth bearer is expired", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
+    init: async (dir) => {
+      await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "opencode.json"), JSON.stringify({ $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json" }))
+    },
+  })
+  injectAuth({
+    routers: JSON.stringify([{ name: "stale-router", uuid: "stale" }]),
+    routers_fetched_at: "0",
+    oauth_access: "doo_v1_expired",
+    oauth_expires: "1",
+  })
+  await WithInstance.provide({
+    directory: tmp.path,
+    fn: async () => {
+      const providers = await list()
+      const models = providers[DIGITALOCEAN].models
+      expect(models["router:stale-router"]).toBeDefined()
+    },
+  })
+})
+
+test("digitalocean provider.models passes through base models when no auth metadata", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
+    init: async (dir) => {
+      await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "opencode.json"), JSON.stringify({ $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json" }))
+    },
+  })
+  await WithInstance.provide({
+    directory: tmp.path,
+    fn: async () => {
+      set("DIGITALOCEAN_ACCESS_TOKEN", "test-token")
+      const providers = await list()
+      const models = providers[DIGITALOCEAN].models
+      expect(Object.keys(models).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      expect(Object.keys(models).filter((id) => id.startsWith("router:")).length).toBe(0)
+    },
+  })
+})

packages/opencode/test/provider/provider.test.ts

@@ -582,64 +582,52 @@ it.instance(
   },
 )
 
-test("model options are merged from existing model", async () => {
-  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-    init: async (dir) => {
-      await Bun.write(
-        path.join(dir, "opencode.json"),
-        JSON.stringify({
-          $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
-          provider: {
-            anthropic: {
-              models: {
-                "claude-sonnet-4-20250514": {
-                  options: {
-                    customOption: "custom-value",
-                  },
-                },
+it.instance(
+  "model options are merged from existing model",
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const providers = yield* Provider.Service.use((provider) => provider.list())
+    const model = providers[ProviderID.anthropic].models["claude-sonnet-4-20250514"]
+    expect(model.options.customOption).toBe("custom-value")
+  }),
+  {
+    config: {
+      provider: {
+        anthropic: {
+          options: {
+            apiKey: "test-api-key",
+          },
+          models: {
+            "claude-sonnet-4-20250514": {
+              options: {
+                customOption: "custom-value",
               },
             },
           },
-        }),
-      )
+        },
+      },
     },
-  })
-  await WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: tmp.path,
-    fn: async () => {
-      set("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
-      const providers = await list()
-      const model = providers[ProviderID.anthropic].models["claude-sonnet-4-20250514"]
-      expect(model.options.customOption).toBe("custom-value")
-    },
-  })
-})
+  },
+)
 
-test("provider removed when all models filtered out", async () => {
-  await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-    init: async (dir) => {
-      await Bun.write(
-        path.join(dir, "opencode.json"),
-        JSON.stringify({
-          $schema: "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
-          provider: {
-            anthropic: {
-              whitelist: ["nonexistent-model"],
-            },
+it.instance(
+  "provider removed when all models filtered out",
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const providers = yield* Provider.Service.use((provider) => provider.list())
+    expect(providers[ProviderID.anthropic]).toBeUndefined()
+  }),
+  {
+    config: {
+      provider: {
+        anthropic: {
+          options: {
+            apiKey: "test-api-key",
           },
-        }),
-      )
+          whitelist: ["nonexistent-model"],
+        },
+      },
     },
-  })
-  await WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: tmp.path,
-    fn: async () => {
-      set("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
-      const providers = await list()
-      expect(providers[ProviderID.anthropic]).toBeUndefined()
-    },
-  })
-})
+  },
+)
 
 test("closest finds model by partial match", async () => {
   await using tmp = await tmpdir({

packages/opencode/test/question/question.test.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { afterEach, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Cause, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Question } from "../../src/question"
 import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { InstanceRuntime } from "../../src/project/instance-runtime"
 import { QuestionID } from "../../src/question/schema"
 import { disposeAllInstances, provideInstance, reloadTestInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
@@ -398,9 +397,8 @@ it.live("pending question rejects on instance dispose", () =>
     }).pipe(provideInstance(dir), Effect.forkScoped)
 
     expect(yield* waitForPending(1).pipe(provideInstance(dir))).toHaveLength(1)
-    yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-      WithInstance.provide({ directory: dir, fn: () => InstanceRuntime.disposeInstance(Instance.current) }),
-    )
+    const ctx = yield* Effect.sync(() => Instance.current).pipe(provideInstance(dir))
+    yield* Effect.promise(() => InstanceRuntime.disposeInstance(ctx))
 
     const exit = yield* Fiber.await(fiber)
     expect(Exit.isFailure(exit)).toBe(true)

packages/opencode/test/server/negative-tokens-regression.test.ts

@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@
 // negative. The pre-fix `safe()` clamp only guarded against non-finite. The
 // strict `NonNegativeInt` schema then made every load of the message list
 // fail to encode, killing Desktop boot for every user with such a row.
-import { afterEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { ModelID, ProviderID } from "../../src/provider/schema"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { Server } from "../../src/server/server"
 import { SessionPaths } from "../../src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/session"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
@@ -17,81 +16,66 @@ import { MessageID, PartID } from "../../src/session/schema"
 import * as Database from "@/storage/db"
 import { PartTable } from "@/session/session.sql"
 import { resetDatabase } from "../fixture/db"
-import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { it } from "../lib/effect"
+import { TestInstance } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-afterEach(async () => {
-  await disposeAllInstances()
-  await resetDatabase()
-})
+const it = testEffect(Session.defaultLayer)
 
-function seedNegativeTokenSession(directory: string) {
-  return Effect.promise(async () =>
-    WithInstance.provide({
-      directory,
-      fn: () =>
-        Effect.runPromise(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const session = yield* Session.Service
-            const info = yield* session.create({})
-            const message = yield* session.updateMessage({
-              id: MessageID.ascending(),
-              role: "user",
-              sessionID: info.id,
-              agent: "build",
-              model: { providerID: ProviderID.make("test"), modelID: ModelID.make("test") },
-              time: { created: Date.now() },
-            })
-            const partID = PartID.ascending()
-            yield* session.updatePart({
-              id: partID,
-              sessionID: info.id,
-              messageID: message.id,
-              type: "step-finish",
-              reason: "stop",
-              cost: 0,
-              tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-            })
+function seedNegativeTokenSession() {
+  return Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const session = yield* Session.Service
+    const info = yield* session.create({})
+    const message = yield* session.updateMessage({
+      id: MessageID.ascending(),
+      role: "user",
+      sessionID: info.id,
+      agent: "build",
+      model: { providerID: ProviderID.make("test"), modelID: ModelID.make("test") },
+      time: { created: Date.now() },
+    })
+    const partID = PartID.ascending()
+    yield* session.updatePart({
+      id: partID,
+      sessionID: info.id,
+      messageID: message.id,
+      type: "step-finish",
+      reason: "stop",
+      cost: 0,
+      tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+    })
 
-            // Bypass the schema with a direct SQL update to install the
-            // negative `output` value we want to test loading.
-            Database.use((db) =>
-              db
-                .update(PartTable)
-                .set({
-                  data: {
-                    type: "step-finish",
-                    reason: "stop",
-                    cost: 0,
-                    tokens: { input: 0, output: -42, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-                  } as never,
-                })
-                .where(eq(PartTable.id, partID))
-                .run(),
-            )
+    // Bypass the schema with a direct SQL update to install the
+    // negative `output` value we want to test loading.
+    Database.use((db) =>
+      db
+        .update(PartTable)
+        .set({
+          data: {
+            type: "step-finish",
+            reason: "stop",
+            cost: 0,
+            tokens: { input: 0, output: -42, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+          } as never,
+        })
+        .where(eq(PartTable.id, partID))
+        .run(),
+    )
 
-            return info.id
-          }).pipe(Effect.provide(Session.defaultLayer)),
-        ),
-    }),
-  )
+    return info.id
+  })
 }
 
 describe("messages endpoint tolerates legacy negative token counts", () => {
-  it.live(
+  it.instance(
     "returns 200 even when a step-finish part has tokens.output < 0",
-    Effect.acquireRelease(
-      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir({ config: { formatter: false, lsp: false } })),
-      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.flatMap((tmp) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const sessionID = yield* seedNegativeTokenSession(tmp.path)
-          const url = `${SessionPaths.messages.replace(":sessionID", sessionID)}?limit=80&directory=${encodeURIComponent(tmp.path)}`
-          const res = yield* Effect.promise(async () => Server.Default().app.request(url))
-          expect(res.status, "messages endpoint 400'd on legacy negative tokens").not.toBe(400)
-        }),
-      ),
-    ),
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.promise(() => resetDatabase()))
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const sessionID = yield* seedNegativeTokenSession()
+      const url = `${SessionPaths.messages.replace(":sessionID", sessionID)}?limit=80&directory=${encodeURIComponent(test.directory)}`
+      const res = yield* Effect.promise(async () => Server.Default().app.request(url))
+      expect(res.status, "messages endpoint 400'd on legacy negative tokens").not.toBe(400)
+    }),
+    { git: true, config: { formatter: false, lsp: false } },
   )
 })

packages/opencode/test/server/session-list.test.ts

@@ -1,33 +1,25 @@
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { afterEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { Session as SessionNs } from "@/session/session"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
-import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { disposeAllInstances, provideInstance, TestInstance } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 import { mkdir } from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
 import { Database } from "@/storage/db"
 import { SessionTable } from "@/session/session.sql"
 import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 void Log.init({ print: false })
 const originalWorkspaces = Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES
+const it = testEffect(SessionNs.defaultLayer)
 
-function run<A, E>(fx: Effect.Effect<A, E, SessionNs.Service>) {
-  return Effect.runPromise(fx.pipe(Effect.provide(SessionNs.defaultLayer)))
-}
-
-const svc = {
-  ...SessionNs,
-  create(input?: SessionNs.CreateInput) {
-    return run(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.create(input)))
-  },
-  list(input?: SessionNs.ListInput) {
-    return run(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.list(input)))
-  },
-}
+const withSession = (input?: Parameters<SessionNs.Interface["create"]>[0]) =>
+  Effect.acquireRelease(
+    SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.create(input)),
+    (created) => SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.remove(created.id).pipe(Effect.ignore)),
+  )
 
 afterEach(async () => {
   Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = originalWorkspaces
@@ -35,205 +27,199 @@ afterEach(async () => {
 })
 
 describe("session.list", () => {
-  test("does not filter by directory when directory is omitted", async () => {
-    Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode"), { recursive: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "does not filter by directory when directory is omitted",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode"), { recursive: true }))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true }))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const root = await svc.create({ title: "root" })
+        const root = yield* withSession({ title: "root" })
+        const parent = yield* withSession({ title: "parent" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages")),
+        )
+        const current = yield* withSession({ title: "current" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode")),
+        )
+        const sibling = yield* withSession({ title: "sibling" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app")),
+        )
 
-        const parent = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "parent" }),
-        })
-        const current = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "current" }),
-        })
-        const sibling = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "sibling" }),
-        })
-
-        const ids = (await svc.list()).map((s) => s.id)
+        const ids = (yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.list())).map((session) => session.id)
         expect(ids).toContain(root.id)
         expect(ids).toContain(parent.id)
         expect(ids).toContain(current.id)
         expect(ids).toContain(sibling.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("filters by directory when directory is provided", async () => {
-    Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode"), { recursive: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "filters by directory when directory is provided",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode"), { recursive: true }))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true }))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const root = await svc.create({ title: "root" })
+        const root = yield* withSession({ title: "root" })
+        const parent = yield* withSession({ title: "parent" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages")),
+        )
+        const current = yield* withSession({ title: "current" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode")),
+        )
+        const sibling = yield* withSession({ title: "sibling" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app")),
+        )
 
-        const parent = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "parent" }),
-        })
-        const current = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "current" }),
-        })
-        const sibling = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "sibling" }),
-        })
-
-        const ids = (await svc.list({ directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode") })).map((s) => s.id)
+        const ids = (yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) =>
+          session.list({ directory: path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode") }),
+        )).map((session) => session.id)
         expect(ids).not.toContain(root.id)
         expect(ids).not.toContain(parent.id)
         expect(ids).toContain(current.id)
         expect(ids).not.toContain(sibling.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("filters by path and ignores directory when path is provided", async () => {
-    Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode", "src", "deep"), { recursive: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "filters by path and ignores directory when path is provided",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+          mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode", "src", "deep"), { recursive: true }),
+        )
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true }))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const parent = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "parent" }),
-        })
-        const current = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode", "src"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "current" }),
-        })
-        const deeper = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode", "src", "deep"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "deeper" }),
-        })
-        const sibling = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "sibling" }),
-        })
+        const parent = yield* withSession({ title: "parent" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode")),
+        )
+        const current = yield* withSession({ title: "current" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode", "src")),
+        )
+        const deeper = yield* withSession({ title: "deeper" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode", "src", "deep")),
+        )
+        const sibling = yield* withSession({ title: "sibling" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app")),
+        )
 
-        const pathIDs = (
-          await svc.list({
-            directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"),
+        const pathIDs = (yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) =>
+          session.list({
+            directory: path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app"),
             path: "packages/opencode/src",
-          })
-        ).map((s) => s.id)
+          }),
+        )).map((session) => session.id)
         expect(pathIDs).not.toContain(parent.id)
         expect(pathIDs).toContain(current.id)
         expect(pathIDs).toContain(deeper.id)
         expect(pathIDs).not.toContain(sibling.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("falls back to directory when filtering legacy sessions without path", async () => {
-    Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode", "src"), { recursive: true })
-    await mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true })
+  it.instance(
+    "falls back to directory when filtering legacy sessions without path",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = false
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+          mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode", "src"), { recursive: true }),
+        )
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => mkdir(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app"), { recursive: true }))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const current = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode", "src"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "legacy-current" }),
-        })
-        const sibling = await WithInstance.provide({
-          directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "app"),
-          fn: async () => svc.create({ title: "legacy-sibling" }),
-        })
+        const current = yield* withSession({ title: "legacy-current" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode", "src")),
+        )
+        const sibling = yield* withSession({ title: "legacy-sibling" }).pipe(
+          provideInstance(path.join(test.directory, "packages", "app")),
+        )
 
-        Database.use((db) => db.update(SessionTable).set({ path: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, current.id)).run())
-        Database.use((db) => db.update(SessionTable).set({ path: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, sibling.id)).run())
+        yield* Effect.sync(() =>
+          Database.use((db) =>
+            db.update(SessionTable).set({ path: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, current.id)).run(),
+          ),
+        )
+        yield* Effect.sync(() =>
+          Database.use((db) =>
+            db.update(SessionTable).set({ path: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, sibling.id)).run(),
+          ),
+        )
 
-        const pathIDs = (
-          await svc.list({
-            directory: path.join(tmp.path, "packages", "opencode", "src"),
+        const pathIDs = (yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) =>
+          session.list({
+            directory: path.join(test.directory, "packages", "opencode", "src"),
             path: "packages/opencode/src",
-          })
-        ).map((s) => s.id)
+          }),
+        )).map((session) => session.id)
         expect(pathIDs).toContain(current.id)
         expect(pathIDs).not.toContain(sibling.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("filters root sessions", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const root = await svc.create({ title: "root-session" })
-        const child = await svc.create({ title: "child-session", parentID: root.id })
+  it.instance(
+    "filters root sessions",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const root = yield* withSession({ title: "root-session" })
+        const child = yield* withSession({ title: "child-session", parentID: root.id })
 
-        const sessions = await svc.list({ roots: true })
-        const ids = sessions.map((s) => s.id)
+        const sessions = yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.list({ roots: true }))
+        const ids = sessions.map((session) => session.id)
 
         expect(ids).toContain(root.id)
         expect(ids).not.toContain(child.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("filters by start time", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await svc.create({ title: "new-session" })
-        const futureStart = Date.now() + 86400000
-
-        const sessions = await svc.list({ start: futureStart })
+  it.instance(
+    "filters by start time",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* withSession({ title: "new-session" })
+        const sessions = yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.list({ start: Date.now() + 86400000 }))
         expect(sessions.length).toBe(0)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("filters by search term", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await svc.create({ title: "unique-search-term-abc" })
-        await svc.create({ title: "other-session-xyz" })
+  it.instance(
+    "filters by search term",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* withSession({ title: "unique-search-term-abc" })
+        yield* withSession({ title: "other-session-xyz" })
 
-        const sessions = await svc.list({ search: "unique-search" })
-        const titles = sessions.map((s) => s.title)
+        const sessions = yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.list({ search: "unique-search" }))
+        const titles = sessions.map((session) => session.title)
 
         expect(titles).toContain("unique-search-term-abc")
         expect(titles).not.toContain("other-session-xyz")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("respects limit parameter", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await svc.create({ title: "session-1" })
-        await svc.create({ title: "session-2" })
-        await svc.create({ title: "session-3" })
+  it.instance(
+    "respects limit parameter",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* withSession({ title: "session-1" })
+        yield* withSession({ title: "session-2" })
+        yield* withSession({ title: "session-3" })
 
-        const sessions = await svc.list({ limit: 2 })
+        const sessions = yield* SessionNs.Service.use((session) => session.list({ limit: 2 }))
         expect(sessions.length).toBe(2)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/session/compaction.test.ts

@@ -926,12 +926,12 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
   )
 
   itCompaction.instance(
-    "does not persist tail_start_id for serialized recent turns",
+    "persists tail_start_id for retained recent turns",
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const ssn = yield* SessionNs.Service
       const session = yield* ssn.create({})
       yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "first")
-      yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "second")
+      const keep = yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "second")
       yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "third")
       yield* createSummaryCompaction(session.id)
 
@@ -947,18 +947,18 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
 
       const part = yield* readCompactionPart(session.id)
       expect(part?.type).toBe("compaction")
-      expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBe(keep.id)
     }).pipe(withCompaction({ config: cfg({ tail_turns: 2, preserve_recent_tokens: 10_000 }) })),
   )
 
   itCompaction.instance(
-    "does not persist tail_start_id when shrinking serialized tail",
+    "shrinks retained tail to fit preserve token budget",
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const ssn = yield* SessionNs.Service
       const session = yield* ssn.create({})
       yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "first")
       yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "x".repeat(2_000))
-      yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "tiny")
+      const keep = yield* createUserMessage(session.id, "tiny")
       yield* createSummaryCompaction(session.id)
 
       const msgs = yield* ssn.messages({ sessionID: session.id })
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
 
       const part = yield* readCompactionPart(session.id)
       expect(part?.type).toBe("compaction")
-      expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBe(keep.id)
     }).pipe(withCompaction({ config: cfg({ tail_turns: 2, preserve_recent_tokens: 100 }) })),
   )
 
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
   )
 
   itCompaction.instance(
-    "serializes retained tail media as text in the summary input",
+    "falls back to full summary when retained tail media exceeds preserve token budget",
     () => {
       const stub = llm()
       let captured = ""
@@ -1078,16 +1078,15 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
 
         const part = yield* readCompactionPart(session.id)
         expect(part?.type).toBe("compaction")
-        expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBeUndefined()
+        expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBe(keep.id)
         expect(captured).toContain("zzzz")
-        expect(captured).toContain("keep tail")
+        expect(captured).not.toContain("keep tail")
 
         const filtered = MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(session.id))
-        expect(filtered.map((msg) => msg.info.id)).toEqual([parent!, expect.any(String)])
+        expect(filtered.map((msg) => msg.info.id).slice(0, 3)).toEqual([parent!, expect.any(String), keep.id])
         expect(filtered[1]?.info.role).toBe("assistant")
         expect(filtered[1]?.info.role === "assistant" ? filtered[1].info.summary : false).toBe(true)
         expect(filtered.map((msg) => msg.info.id)).not.toContain(large.id)
-        expect(filtered.map((msg) => msg.info.id)).not.toContain(keep.id)
       }).pipe(withCompaction({ llm: stub.layer, config: cfg({ tail_turns: 1, preserve_recent_tokens: 100 }) }))
     },
     { git: true },
@@ -1354,13 +1353,13 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
   )
 
   itCompaction.instance(
-    "summarizes the head while serializing recent tail into summary input",
+    "summarizes only the head while keeping recent tail out of summary input",
     () => {
       const stub = llm()
-      let captured: LLM.StreamInput["messages"] = []
+      let captured = ""
       stub.push(
         reply("summary", (input) => {
-          captured = input.messages
+          captured = JSON.stringify(input.messages)
         }),
       )
       return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -1381,15 +1380,10 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
           auto: false,
         })
 
-        const head = JSON.stringify(captured.slice(0, -1))
-        const prompt = JSON.stringify(captured.at(-1))
-        expect(head).toContain("older context")
-        expect(head).not.toContain("keep this turn")
-        expect(head).not.toContain("and this one too")
-        expect(prompt).toContain("keep this turn")
-        expect(prompt).toContain("and this one too")
-        expect(prompt).toContain("recent-conversation-tail")
-        expect(prompt).not.toContain("What did we do so far?")
+        expect(captured).toContain("older context")
+        expect(captured).not.toContain("keep this turn")
+        expect(captured).not.toContain("and this one too")
+        expect(captured).not.toContain("What did we do so far?")
       }).pipe(withCompaction({ llm: stub.layer }))
     },
     { git: true },
@@ -1437,7 +1431,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
     { git: true },
   )
 
-  itCompaction.instance("does not replay recent pre-compaction turns across repeated compactions", () => {
+  itCompaction.instance("keeps recent pre-compaction turns across repeated compactions", () => {
     const stub = llm()
     stub.push(reply("summary one"))
     stub.push(reply("summary two"))
@@ -1468,8 +1462,8 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
 
       expect(ids).not.toContain(u1.id)
       expect(ids).not.toContain(u2.id)
-      expect(ids).not.toContain(u3.id)
-      expect(ids).not.toContain(u4.id)
+      expect(ids).toContain(u3.id)
+      expect(ids).toContain(u4.id)
       expect(filtered.some((msg) => msg.info.role === "assistant" && msg.info.summary)).toBe(true)
       expect(
         filtered.some((msg) => msg.info.role === "user" && msg.parts.some((part) => part.type === "compaction")),
@@ -1478,7 +1472,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
   })
 
   itCompaction.instance(
-    "ignores previous summaries when sizing the serialized tail",
+    "ignores previous summaries when sizing the retained tail",
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const ssn = yield* SessionNs.Service
       const test = yield* TestInstance
@@ -1517,7 +1511,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
 
       const part = yield* readCompactionPart(session.id)
       expect(part?.type).toBe("compaction")
-      expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(part?.tail_start_id).toBe(keep.id)
     }).pipe(withCompaction({ config: cfg({ tail_turns: 2, preserve_recent_tokens: 500 }) })),
   )
 })

packages/opencode/test/session/messages-pagination.test.ts

@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ describe("MessageV2.filterCompacted", () => {
     ),
   )
 
-  it.instance("ignores original tail when compaction stores tail_start_id", () =>
+  it.instance("retains original tail when compaction stores tail_start_id", () =>
     withSession(({ session, sessionID }) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const u1 = yield* addUser(sessionID, "first")
@@ -696,12 +696,12 @@ describe("MessageV2.filterCompacted", () => {
 
         const result = MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(sessionID))
 
-        expect(result.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c1, s1, u3, a3])
+        expect(result.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c1, s1, u2, a2, u3, a3])
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.instance("fork keeps legacy tail_start_id without replaying the tail", () =>
+  it.instance("fork remaps compaction tail_start_id for filterCompacted", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const session = yield* SessionNs.Service
       const created = yield* session.create({})
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ describe("MessageV2.filterCompacted", () => {
       })
 
       const parentFiltered = MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(created.id))
-      expect(parentFiltered.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c1, s1, u3, a3])
+      expect(parentFiltered.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c1, s1, u2, a2, u3, a3])
 
       const forked = yield* session.fork({ sessionID: created.id })
       const childFiltered = MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(forked.id))
@@ -758,14 +758,14 @@ describe("MessageV2.filterCompacted", () => {
       expect(tailPart?.type).toBe("compaction")
       if (!tailPart || tailPart.type !== "compaction") throw new Error("Expected forked compaction part")
       expect(tailPart.tail_start_id).toBeDefined()
-      expect(childFiltered.some((m) => m.info.id === tailPart.tail_start_id)).toBe(false)
+      expect(childFiltered.some((m) => m.info.id === tailPart.tail_start_id)).toBe(true)
 
       yield* session.remove(forked.id)
       yield* session.remove(created.id)
     }),
   )
 
-  it.instance("does not replay an assistant tail when compaction starts inside a turn", () =>
+  it.instance("retains an assistant tail when compaction starts inside a turn", () =>
     withSession(({ session, sessionID }) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const u1 = yield* addUser(sessionID, "first")
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ describe("MessageV2.filterCompacted", () => {
 
         const result = MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(sessionID))
 
-        expect(result.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c1, s1, u3, a4])
+        expect(result.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c1, s1, a3, u3, a4])
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ describe("MessageV2.filterCompacted", () => {
 
         const result = MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(sessionID))
 
-        expect(result.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c2, s2, u4, a4])
+        expect(result.map((item) => item.info.id)).toEqual([c2, s2, u3, a3, u4, a4])
       }),
     ),
   )

packages/opencode/test/session/session.test.ts

@@ -1,186 +1,174 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import path from "path"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Exit, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Session as SessionNs } from "@/session/session"
-import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
+import { GlobalBus, type GlobalEvent } from "../../src/bus/global"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
+import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 import { MessageV2 } from "../../src/session/message-v2"
 import { MessageID, PartID, type SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"
-import { AppRuntime } from "../../src/effect/app-runtime"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+import { provideInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const projectRoot = path.join(__dirname, "../..")
 void Log.init({ print: false })
 
-function create(input?: SessionNs.CreateInput) {
-  return AppRuntime.runPromise(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.create(input)))
-}
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(SessionNs.defaultLayer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
 
-function get(id: SessionID) {
-  return AppRuntime.runPromise(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(id)))
-}
+const awaitDeferred = <T>(deferred: Deferred.Deferred<T>, message: string) =>
+  Effect.race(
+    Deferred.await(deferred),
+    Effect.sleep("2 seconds").pipe(Effect.flatMap(() => Effect.fail(new Error(message)))),
+  )
 
-function remove(id: SessionID) {
-  return AppRuntime.runPromise(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.remove(id)))
-}
+const remove = (id: SessionID) => SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.remove(id))
 
-function updateMessage<T extends MessageV2.Info>(msg: T) {
-  return AppRuntime.runPromise(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.updateMessage(msg)))
-}
-
-function updatePart<T extends MessageV2.Part>(part: T) {
-  return AppRuntime.runPromise(SessionNs.Service.use((svc) => svc.updatePart(part)))
+const subscribeGlobal = (type: string, callback: (event: NonNullable<GlobalEvent["payload"]>) => void) => {
+  const listener = (event: GlobalEvent) => {
+    if (event.payload?.type === type) callback(event.payload)
+  }
+  GlobalBus.on("event", listener)
+  return () => GlobalBus.off("event", listener)
 }
 
 describe("session.created event", () => {
-  test("should emit session.created event when session is created", async () => {
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: projectRoot,
-      fn: async () => {
-        let eventReceived = false
-        let receivedInfo: SessionNs.Info | undefined
+  it.instance("should emit session.created event when session is created", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const session = yield* SessionNs.Service
+      const received = yield* Deferred.make<SessionNs.Info>()
 
-        const unsub = Bus.subscribe(SessionNs.Event.Created, (event) => {
-          eventReceived = true
-          receivedInfo = event.properties.info as SessionNs.Info
-        })
+      const unsub = subscribeGlobal(SessionNs.Event.Created.type, (event) => {
+        Deferred.doneUnsafe(received, Effect.succeed(event.properties.info as SessionNs.Info))
+      })
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unsub))
 
-        const info = await create({})
-        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-        unsub()
+      const info = yield* session.create({})
+      const receivedInfo = yield* awaitDeferred(received, "timed out waiting for session.created")
 
-        expect(eventReceived).toBe(true)
-        expect(receivedInfo).toBeDefined()
-        expect(receivedInfo?.id).toBe(info.id)
-        expect(receivedInfo?.projectID).toBe(info.projectID)
-        expect(receivedInfo?.directory).toBe(info.directory)
-        expect(receivedInfo?.path).toBe(info.path)
-        expect(receivedInfo?.title).toBe(info.title)
+      expect(receivedInfo.id).toBe(info.id)
+      expect(receivedInfo.projectID).toBe(info.projectID)
+      expect(receivedInfo.directory).toBe(info.directory)
+      expect(receivedInfo.path).toBe(info.path)
+      expect(receivedInfo.title).toBe(info.title)
 
-        await remove(info.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      yield* session.remove(info.id)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("session.created event should be emitted before session.updated", async () => {
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: projectRoot,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const events: string[] = []
+  it.instance("session.created event should be emitted before session.updated", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      if (Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES) return
 
-        const unsubCreated = Bus.subscribe(SessionNs.Event.Created, () => {
-          events.push("created")
-        })
+      const session = yield* SessionNs.Service
+      const events: string[] = []
+      const received = yield* Deferred.make<string[]>()
+      const push = (event: string) => {
+        events.push(event)
+        if (events.includes("created") && events.includes("updated")) {
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(received, Effect.succeed(events))
+        }
+      }
 
-        const unsubUpdated = Bus.subscribe(SessionNs.Event.Updated, () => {
-          events.push("updated")
-        })
+      const unsubCreated = subscribeGlobal(SessionNs.Event.Created.type, () => {
+        push("created")
+      })
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unsubCreated))
 
-        const info = await create({})
-        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-        unsubCreated()
-        unsubUpdated()
+      const unsubUpdated = subscribeGlobal(SessionNs.Event.Updated.type, () => {
+        push("updated")
+      })
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unsubUpdated))
 
-        expect(events).toContain("created")
-        expect(events).toContain("updated")
-        expect(events.indexOf("created")).toBeLessThan(events.indexOf("updated"))
+      const info = yield* session.create({})
+      const receivedEvents = yield* awaitDeferred(received, "timed out waiting for session created/updated events")
 
-        await remove(info.id)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      expect(receivedEvents).toContain("created")
+      expect(receivedEvents).toContain("updated")
+      expect(receivedEvents.indexOf("created")).toBeLessThan(receivedEvents.indexOf("updated"))
+
+      yield* session.remove(info.id)
+    }),
+  )
 })
 
 describe("step-finish token propagation via Bus event", () => {
-  test(
+  it.instance(
     "non-zero tokens propagate through PartUpdated event",
-    async () => {
-      await WithInstance.provide({
-        directory: projectRoot,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const info = await create({})
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const session = yield* SessionNs.Service
+        const info = yield* session.create({})
 
-          const messageID = MessageID.ascending()
-          await updateMessage({
-            id: messageID,
-            sessionID: info.id,
-            role: "user",
-            time: { created: Date.now() },
-            agent: "user",
-            model: { providerID: "test", modelID: "test" },
-            tools: {},
-            mode: "",
-          } as unknown as MessageV2.Info)
+        const messageID = MessageID.ascending()
+        yield* session.updateMessage({
+          id: messageID,
+          sessionID: info.id,
+          role: "user",
+          time: { created: Date.now() },
+          agent: "user",
+          model: { providerID: "test", modelID: "test" },
+          tools: {},
+          mode: "",
+        } as unknown as MessageV2.Info)
 
-          // Bus subscribers receive readonly Schema.Type payloads; `MessageV2.Part`
-          // is the mutable domain type. Cast bridges the two — safe because the
-          // test only reads the value afterwards.
-          let received: MessageV2.Part | undefined
-          const unsub = Bus.subscribe(MessageV2.Event.PartUpdated, (event) => {
-            received = event.properties.part as MessageV2.Part
-          })
+        // Bus subscribers receive readonly Schema.Type payloads; `MessageV2.Part`
+        // is the mutable domain type. Cast bridges the two — safe because the
+        // test only reads the value afterwards.
+        const received = yield* Deferred.make<MessageV2.Part>()
+        const unsub = subscribeGlobal(MessageV2.Event.PartUpdated.type, (event) => {
+          Deferred.doneUnsafe(received, Effect.succeed(event.properties.part as MessageV2.Part))
+        })
+        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unsub))
 
-          const tokens = {
-            total: 1500,
-            input: 500,
-            output: 800,
-            reasoning: 200,
-            cache: { read: 100, write: 50 },
-          }
+        const tokens = {
+          total: 1500,
+          input: 500,
+          output: 800,
+          reasoning: 200,
+          cache: { read: 100, write: 50 },
+        }
 
-          const partInput = {
-            id: PartID.ascending(),
-            messageID,
-            sessionID: info.id,
-            type: "step-finish" as const,
-            reason: "stop",
-            cost: 0.005,
-            tokens,
-          }
+        const partInput = {
+          id: PartID.ascending(),
+          messageID,
+          sessionID: info.id,
+          type: "step-finish" as const,
+          reason: "stop",
+          cost: 0.005,
+          tokens,
+        }
 
-          await updatePart(partInput)
-          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+        yield* session.updatePart(partInput)
+        const receivedPart = yield* awaitDeferred(received, "timed out waiting for message.part.updated")
 
-          expect(received).toBeDefined()
-          expect(received!.type).toBe("step-finish")
-          const finish = received as MessageV2.StepFinishPart
-          expect(finish.tokens.input).toBe(500)
-          expect(finish.tokens.output).toBe(800)
-          expect(finish.tokens.reasoning).toBe(200)
-          expect(finish.tokens.total).toBe(1500)
-          expect(finish.tokens.cache.read).toBe(100)
-          expect(finish.tokens.cache.write).toBe(50)
-          expect(finish.cost).toBe(0.005)
-          expect(received).not.toBe(partInput)
+        expect(receivedPart.type).toBe("step-finish")
+        const finish = receivedPart as MessageV2.StepFinishPart
+        expect(finish.tokens.input).toBe(500)
+        expect(finish.tokens.output).toBe(800)
+        expect(finish.tokens.reasoning).toBe(200)
+        expect(finish.tokens.total).toBe(1500)
+        expect(finish.tokens.cache.read).toBe(100)
+        expect(finish.tokens.cache.write).toBe(50)
+        expect(finish.cost).toBe(0.005)
+        expect(receivedPart).not.toBe(partInput)
 
-          unsub()
-          await remove(info.id)
-        },
-      })
-    },
+        yield* session.remove(info.id)
+      }),
     { timeout: 30000 },
   )
 })
 
 describe("Session", () => {
-  test("remove works without an instance", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+  it.live("remove works without an instance", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const session = yield* SessionNs.Service
+      const dir = yield* tmpdirScoped({ git: true })
+      const info = yield* provideInstance(dir)(session.create({ title: "remove-without-instance" }))
 
-    const info = await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: tmp.path,
-      fn: () => create({ title: "remove-without-instance" }),
-    })
+      const removeExit = yield* remove(info.id).pipe(Effect.exit)
+      expect(Exit.isSuccess(removeExit)).toBe(true)
 
-    await expect(async () => {
-      await remove(info.id)
-    }).not.toThrow()
-
-    let missing = false
-    await get(info.id).catch(() => {
-      missing = true
-    })
-
-    expect(missing).toBe(true)
-  })
+      const getExit = yield* session.get(info.id).pipe(Effect.exit)
+      expect(Exit.isFailure(getExit)).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/session/structured-output-integration.test.ts

@@ -1,250 +1,219 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import path from "path"
 import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import { SessionPrompt } from "../../src/session/prompt"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { MessageV2 } from "../../src/session/message-v2"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const projectRoot = path.join(__dirname, "../..")
 void Log.init({ print: false })
 
 // Skip tests if no API key is available
 const hasApiKey = !!process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
-
-// Helper to run test within Instance context
-async function withInstance<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
-  return WithInstance.provide({
-    directory: projectRoot,
-    fn,
-  })
-}
-
-function run<A, E>(fx: Effect.Effect<A, E, SessionPrompt.Service | Session.Service>) {
-  return Effect.runPromise(
-    fx.pipe(Effect.scoped, Effect.provide(Layer.mergeAll(SessionPrompt.defaultLayer, Session.defaultLayer))),
-  )
-}
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(SessionPrompt.defaultLayer, Session.defaultLayer))
+const live = hasApiKey ? it.instance : it.instance.skip
 
 describe("StructuredOutput Integration", () => {
-  test.skipIf(!hasApiKey)(
+  live(
     "produces structured output with simple schema",
-    async () => {
-      await withInstance(() =>
-        run(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
-            const sessions = yield* Session.Service
-            const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "Structured Output Test" })
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
+        const sessions = yield* Session.Service
+        const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "Structured Output Test" })
 
-            const result = yield* prompt.prompt({
-              sessionID: session.id,
-              parts: [
-                {
-                  type: "text",
-                  text: "What is 2 + 2? Provide a simple answer.",
-                },
-              ],
-              format: {
-                type: "json_schema",
-                schema: {
-                  type: "object",
-                  properties: {
-                    answer: { type: "number", description: "The numerical answer" },
-                    explanation: { type: "string", description: "Brief explanation" },
-                  },
-                  required: ["answer"],
-                },
-                retryCount: 0,
+        const result = yield* prompt.prompt({
+          sessionID: session.id,
+          parts: [
+            {
+              type: "text",
+              text: "What is 2 + 2? Provide a simple answer.",
+            },
+          ],
+          format: {
+            type: "json_schema",
+            schema: {
+              type: "object",
+              properties: {
+                answer: { type: "number", description: "The numerical answer" },
+                explanation: { type: "string", description: "Brief explanation" },
               },
-            })
+              required: ["answer"],
+            },
+            retryCount: 0,
+          },
+        })
 
-            // Verify structured output was captured (only on assistant messages)
-            expect(result.info.role).toBe("assistant")
-            if (result.info.role === "assistant") {
-              expect(result.info.structured).toBeDefined()
-              expect(typeof result.info.structured).toBe("object")
+        // Verify structured output was captured (only on assistant messages)
+        expect(result.info.role).toBe("assistant")
+        if (result.info.role === "assistant") {
+          expect(result.info.structured).toBeDefined()
+          expect(typeof result.info.structured).toBe("object")
 
-              const output = result.info.structured as any
-              expect(output.answer).toBe(4)
+          const output = result.info.structured as any
+          expect(output.answer).toBe(4)
 
-              // Verify no error was set
-              expect(result.info.error).toBeUndefined()
-            }
+          // Verify no error was set
+          expect(result.info.error).toBeUndefined()
+        }
 
-            // Clean up
-            // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-    },
+        // Clean up
+        // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
+      }),
+    { git: true },
     60000,
   )
 
-  test.skipIf(!hasApiKey)(
+  live(
     "produces structured output with nested objects",
-    async () => {
-      await withInstance(() =>
-        run(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
-            const sessions = yield* Session.Service
-            const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "Nested Schema Test" })
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
+        const sessions = yield* Session.Service
+        const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "Nested Schema Test" })
 
-            const result = yield* prompt.prompt({
-              sessionID: session.id,
-              parts: [
-                {
-                  type: "text",
-                  text: "Tell me about Anthropic company in a structured format.",
-                },
-              ],
-              format: {
-                type: "json_schema",
-                schema: {
+        const result = yield* prompt.prompt({
+          sessionID: session.id,
+          parts: [
+            {
+              type: "text",
+              text: "Tell me about Anthropic company in a structured format.",
+            },
+          ],
+          format: {
+            type: "json_schema",
+            schema: {
+              type: "object",
+              properties: {
+                company: {
                   type: "object",
                   properties: {
-                    company: {
-                      type: "object",
-                      properties: {
-                        name: { type: "string" },
-                        founded: { type: "number" },
-                      },
-                      required: ["name", "founded"],
-                    },
-                    products: {
-                      type: "array",
-                      items: { type: "string" },
-                    },
+                    name: { type: "string" },
+                    founded: { type: "number" },
                   },
-                  required: ["company"],
+                  required: ["name", "founded"],
+                },
+                products: {
+                  type: "array",
+                  items: { type: "string" },
                 },
-                retryCount: 0,
               },
-            })
+              required: ["company"],
+            },
+            retryCount: 0,
+          },
+        })
 
-            // Verify structured output was captured (only on assistant messages)
-            expect(result.info.role).toBe("assistant")
-            if (result.info.role === "assistant") {
-              expect(result.info.structured).toBeDefined()
-              const output = result.info.structured as any
+        // Verify structured output was captured (only on assistant messages)
+        expect(result.info.role).toBe("assistant")
+        if (result.info.role === "assistant") {
+          expect(result.info.structured).toBeDefined()
+          const output = result.info.structured as any
 
-              expect(output.company).toBeDefined()
-              expect(output.company.name).toBe("Anthropic")
-              expect(typeof output.company.founded).toBe("number")
+          expect(output.company).toBeDefined()
+          expect(output.company.name).toBe("Anthropic")
+          expect(typeof output.company.founded).toBe("number")
 
-              if (output.products) {
-                expect(Array.isArray(output.products)).toBe(true)
-              }
+          if (output.products) {
+            expect(Array.isArray(output.products)).toBe(true)
+          }
 
-              // Verify no error was set
-              expect(result.info.error).toBeUndefined()
-            }
+          // Verify no error was set
+          expect(result.info.error).toBeUndefined()
+        }
 
-            // Clean up
-            // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-    },
+        // Clean up
+        // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
+      }),
+    { git: true },
     60000,
   )
 
-  test.skipIf(!hasApiKey)(
+  live(
     "works with text outputFormat (default)",
-    async () => {
-      await withInstance(() =>
-        run(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
-            const sessions = yield* Session.Service
-            const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "Text Output Test" })
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
+        const sessions = yield* Session.Service
+        const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "Text Output Test" })
 
-            const result = yield* prompt.prompt({
-              sessionID: session.id,
-              parts: [
-                {
-                  type: "text",
-                  text: "Say hello.",
-                },
-              ],
-              format: {
-                type: "text",
-              },
-            })
+        const result = yield* prompt.prompt({
+          sessionID: session.id,
+          parts: [
+            {
+              type: "text",
+              text: "Say hello.",
+            },
+          ],
+          format: {
+            type: "text",
+          },
+        })
 
-            // Verify no structured output (text mode) and no error
-            expect(result.info.role).toBe("assistant")
-            if (result.info.role === "assistant") {
-              expect(result.info.structured).toBeUndefined()
-              expect(result.info.error).toBeUndefined()
-            }
+        // Verify no structured output (text mode) and no error
+        expect(result.info.role).toBe("assistant")
+        if (result.info.role === "assistant") {
+          expect(result.info.structured).toBeUndefined()
+          expect(result.info.error).toBeUndefined()
+        }
 
-            // Verify we got a response with parts
-            expect(result.parts.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        // Verify we got a response with parts
+        expect(result.parts.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
 
-            // Clean up
-            // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-    },
+        // Clean up
+        // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
+      }),
+    { git: true },
     60000,
   )
 
-  test.skipIf(!hasApiKey)(
+  live(
     "stores outputFormat on user message",
-    async () => {
-      await withInstance(() =>
-        run(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
-            const sessions = yield* Session.Service
-            const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "OutputFormat Storage Test" })
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const prompt = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
+        const sessions = yield* Session.Service
+        const session = yield* sessions.create({ title: "OutputFormat Storage Test" })
 
-            yield* prompt.prompt({
-              sessionID: session.id,
-              parts: [
-                {
-                  type: "text",
-                  text: "What is 1 + 1?",
-                },
-              ],
-              format: {
-                type: "json_schema",
-                schema: {
-                  type: "object",
-                  properties: {
-                    result: { type: "number" },
-                  },
-                  required: ["result"],
-                },
-                retryCount: 3,
+        yield* prompt.prompt({
+          sessionID: session.id,
+          parts: [
+            {
+              type: "text",
+              text: "What is 1 + 1?",
+            },
+          ],
+          format: {
+            type: "json_schema",
+            schema: {
+              type: "object",
+              properties: {
+                result: { type: "number" },
               },
-            })
+              required: ["result"],
+            },
+            retryCount: 3,
+          },
+        })
 
-            // Get all messages from session
-            const messages = yield* sessions.messages({ sessionID: session.id })
-            const userMessage = messages.find((m) => m.info.role === "user")
+        // Get all messages from session
+        const messages = yield* sessions.messages({ sessionID: session.id })
+        const userMessage = messages.find((m) => m.info.role === "user")
 
-            // Verify outputFormat was stored on user message
-            expect(userMessage).toBeDefined()
-            if (userMessage?.info.role === "user") {
-              expect(userMessage.info.format).toBeDefined()
-              expect(userMessage.info.format?.type).toBe("json_schema")
-              if (userMessage.info.format?.type === "json_schema") {
-                expect(userMessage.info.format.retryCount).toBe(3)
-              }
-            }
+        // Verify outputFormat was stored on user message
+        expect(userMessage).toBeDefined()
+        if (userMessage?.info.role === "user") {
+          expect(userMessage.info.format).toBeDefined()
+          expect(userMessage.info.format?.type).toBe("json_schema")
+          if (userMessage.info.format?.type === "json_schema") {
+            expect(userMessage.info.format.retryCount).toBe(3)
+          }
+        }
 
-            // Clean up
-            // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-    },
+        // Clean up
+        // Note: Not removing session to avoid race with background SessionSummary.summarize
+      }),
+    { git: true },
     60000,
   )
 

packages/opencode/test/skill/discovery.test.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-import { describe, test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { describe, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test"
+import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Discovery } from "../../src/skill/discovery"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { rm } from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 let CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL: string
 let server: ReturnType<typeof Bun.serve>
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ let downloadCount = 0
 
 const fixturePath = path.join(import.meta.dir, "../fixture/skills")
 const cacheDir = path.join(Global.Path.cache, "skills")
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Discovery.defaultLayer, AppFileSystem.defaultLayer))
 
 beforeAll(async () => {
   await rm(cacheDir, { recursive: true, force: true })
@@ -47,70 +50,90 @@ afterAll(async () => {
 })
 
 describe("Discovery.pull", () => {
-  const pull = (url: string) =>
-    Effect.runPromise(Discovery.Service.use((s) => s.pull(url)).pipe(Effect.provide(Discovery.defaultLayer)))
+  it.live("downloads skills from cloudflare url", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const fsys = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
+      const dirs = yield* discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+      expect(dirs.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      for (const dir of dirs) {
+        expect(dir).toStartWith(cacheDir)
+        const md = path.join(dir, "SKILL.md")
+        expect(yield* fsys.existsSafe(md)).toBe(true)
+      }
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("downloads skills from cloudflare url", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
-    expect(dirs.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    for (const dir of dirs) {
-      expect(dir).toStartWith(cacheDir)
-      const md = path.join(dir, "SKILL.md")
-      expect(await Filesystem.exists(md)).toBe(true)
-    }
-  })
+  it.live("url without trailing slash works", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const fsys = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
+      const dirs = yield* discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL.replace(/\/$/, ""))
+      expect(dirs.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      for (const dir of dirs) {
+        const md = path.join(dir, "SKILL.md")
+        expect(yield* fsys.existsSafe(md)).toBe(true)
+      }
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("url without trailing slash works", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL.replace(/\/$/, ""))
-    expect(dirs.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    for (const dir of dirs) {
-      const md = path.join(dir, "SKILL.md")
-      expect(await Filesystem.exists(md)).toBe(true)
-    }
-  })
+  it.live("returns empty array for invalid url", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
+      const dirs = yield* discovery.pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/invalid-url/`)
+      expect(dirs).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("returns empty array for invalid url", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/invalid-url/`)
-    expect(dirs).toEqual([])
-  })
+  it.live("returns empty array for non-json response", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      // any url not explicitly handled in server returns 404 text "Not Found"
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
+      const dirs = yield* discovery.pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/some-other-path/`)
+      expect(dirs).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("returns empty array for non-json response", async () => {
-    // any url not explicitly handled in server returns 404 text "Not Found"
-    const dirs = await pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/some-other-path/`)
-    expect(dirs).toEqual([])
-  })
+  it.live("downloads reference files alongside SKILL.md", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const fsys = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
+      const dirs = yield* discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+      // find a skill dir that should have reference files (e.g. agents-sdk)
+      const agentsSdk = dirs.find((d) => d.endsWith(path.sep + "agents-sdk"))
+      expect(agentsSdk).toBeDefined()
+      if (agentsSdk) {
+        const refs = path.join(agentsSdk, "references")
+        expect(yield* fsys.existsSafe(path.join(agentsSdk, "SKILL.md"))).toBe(true)
+        // agents-sdk has reference files per the index
+        const refDir = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+          Array.fromAsync(new Bun.Glob("**/*.md").scan({ cwd: refs, onlyFiles: true })),
+        )
+        expect(refDir.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      }
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("downloads reference files alongside SKILL.md", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
-    // find a skill dir that should have reference files (e.g. agents-sdk)
-    const agentsSdk = dirs.find((d) => d.endsWith(path.sep + "agents-sdk"))
-    expect(agentsSdk).toBeDefined()
-    if (agentsSdk) {
-      const refs = path.join(agentsSdk, "references")
-      expect(await Filesystem.exists(path.join(agentsSdk, "SKILL.md"))).toBe(true)
-      // agents-sdk has reference files per the index
-      const refDir = await Array.fromAsync(new Bun.Glob("**/*.md").scan({ cwd: refs, onlyFiles: true }))
-      expect(refDir.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    }
-  })
+  it.live("caches downloaded files on second pull", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      // clear dir and downloadCount
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => rm(cacheDir, { recursive: true, force: true }))
+      downloadCount = 0
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
 
-  test("caches downloaded files on second pull", async () => {
-    // clear dir and downloadCount
-    await rm(cacheDir, { recursive: true, force: true })
-    downloadCount = 0
+      // first pull to populate cache
+      const first = yield* discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+      expect(first.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      const firstCount = downloadCount
+      expect(firstCount).toBeGreaterThan(0)
 
-    // first pull to populate cache
-    const first = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
-    expect(first.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    const firstCount = downloadCount
-    expect(firstCount).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      // second pull should return same results from cache
+      const second = yield* discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+      expect(second.length).toBe(first.length)
+      expect(second.sort()).toEqual(first.sort())
 
-    // second pull should return same results from cache
-    const second = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
-    expect(second.length).toBe(first.length)
-    expect(second.sort()).toEqual(first.sort())
-
-    // second pull should NOT increment download count
-    expect(downloadCount).toBe(firstCount)
-  })
+      // second pull should NOT increment download count
+      expect(downloadCount).toBe(firstCount)
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/snapshot/snapshot.test.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { afterEach, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { $ } from "bun"
 import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
+import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
-import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Fiber, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Snapshot } from "../../src/snapshot"
-import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { disposeAllInstances, provideInstance, TestInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const it = testEffect(Snapshot.defaultLayer)
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Snapshot.defaultLayer, AppFileSystem.defaultLayer))
 
 // Git always outputs /-separated paths internally. Snapshot.patch() joins them
 // with path.join (which produces \ on Windows) then normalizes back to /.
@@ -27,17 +27,13 @@ const exec = (cwd: string, command: string[]) =>
     if (code !== 0) throw new Error(`${command.join(" ")} failed: ${await new Response(proc.stderr).text()}`)
   })
 
-const write = (file: string, content: string | Uint8Array) => Effect.promise(() => Filesystem.write(file, content))
-const readText = (file: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.readFile(file, "utf-8"))
-const exists = (file: string) =>
-  Effect.promise(() =>
-    fs
-      .access(file)
-      .then(() => true)
-      .catch(() => false),
-  )
-const mkdirp = (dir: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(dir, { recursive: true }))
-const rm = (file: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.rm(file, { recursive: true, force: true }))
+const write = (file: string, content: string | Uint8Array) =>
+  AppFileSystem.Service.use((fs) => fs.writeWithDirs(file, content))
+const readText = (file: string) => AppFileSystem.Service.use((fs) => fs.readFileString(file))
+const exists = (file: string) => AppFileSystem.Service.use((fs) => fs.existsSafe(file))
+const mkdirp = (dir: string) => AppFileSystem.Service.use((fs) => fs.ensureDir(dir))
+const rm = (file: string) =>
+  AppFileSystem.Service.use((fs) => fs.remove(file, { recursive: true, force: true }).pipe(Effect.ignore))
 
 const initialize = Effect.fn("SnapshotTest.initialize")(function* (dir: string) {
   const unique = Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)

packages/opencode/test/tool/apply_patch.test.ts

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import path from "path"
 import * as fs from "fs/promises"
-import { Effect, ManagedRuntime, Layer } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Effect, Exit, Layer } from "effect"
 import { ApplyPatchTool } from "../../src/tool/apply_patch"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
 import { LSP } from "@/lsp/lsp"
 import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
 import { Format } from "../../src/format"
 import { Agent } from "../../src/agent/agent"
 import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
 import { Truncate } from "@/tool/truncate"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { TestInstance } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { SessionID, MessageID } from "../../src/session/schema"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(
+const it = testEffect(
   Layer.mergeAll(
     LSP.defaultLayer,
     AppFileSystem.defaultLayer,
@@ -58,11 +57,11 @@ type ToolCtx = typeof baseCtx & {
   ask: (input: AskInput) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-const execute = async (params: { patchText: string }, ctx: ToolCtx) => {
-  const info = await runtime.runPromise(ApplyPatchTool)
-  const tool = await runtime.runPromise(info.init())
-  return Effect.runPromise(tool.execute(params, ctx))
-}
+const execute = Effect.fn("ApplyPatchToolTest.execute")(function* (params: { patchText: string }, ctx: ToolCtx) {
+  const info = yield* ApplyPatchTool
+  const tool = yield* info.init()
+  return yield* tool.execute(params, ctx)
+})
 
 const makeCtx = () => {
   const calls: AskInput[] = []
@@ -77,39 +76,56 @@ const makeCtx = () => {
   return { ctx, calls }
 }
 
+const readText = (filepath: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.readFile(filepath, "utf-8"))
+const writeText = (filepath: string, content: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(filepath, content, "utf-8"))
+const makeDir = (dir: string) => Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(dir, { recursive: true }))
+
+const expectFailure = <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>, message?: string) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const exit = yield* Effect.exit(effect)
+    expect(Exit.isFailure(exit)).toBe(true)
+    if (Exit.isFailure(exit) && message) expect(Cause.pretty(exit.cause)).toContain(message)
+  })
+
+const expectReadFailure = (filepath: string) => expectFailure(readText(filepath))
+
 describe("tool.apply_patch freeform", () => {
-  test("requires patchText", async () => {
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-    await expect(execute({ patchText: "" }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow("patchText is required")
-  })
+  it.live("requires patchText", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText: "" }, ctx), "patchText is required")
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("rejects invalid patch format", async () => {
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-    await expect(execute({ patchText: "invalid patch" }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow("apply_patch verification failed")
-  })
+  it.live("rejects invalid patch format", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText: "invalid patch" }, ctx), "apply_patch verification failed")
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("rejects empty patch", async () => {
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-    const emptyPatch = "*** Begin Patch\n*** End Patch"
-    await expect(execute({ patchText: emptyPatch }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow("patch rejected: empty patch")
-  })
+  it.live("rejects empty patch", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText: "*** Begin Patch\n*** End Patch" }, ctx), "patch rejected: empty patch")
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("applies add/update/delete in one patch", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const { ctx, calls } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const modifyPath = path.join(fixture.path, "modify.txt")
-        const deletePath = path.join(fixture.path, "delete.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(modifyPath, "line1\nline2\n", "utf-8")
-        await fs.writeFile(deletePath, "obsolete\n", "utf-8")
+  it.instance(
+    "applies add/update/delete in one patch",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const { ctx, calls } = makeCtx()
+        const modifyPath = path.join(test.directory, "modify.txt")
+        const deletePath = path.join(test.directory, "delete.txt")
+        yield* writeText(modifyPath, "line1\nline2\n")
+        yield* writeText(deletePath, "obsolete\n")
 
         const patchText =
           "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: nested/new.txt\n+created\n*** Delete File: delete.txt\n*** Update File: modify.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
 
-        const result = await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+        const result = yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
 
         expect(result.title).toContain("Success. Updated the following files")
         expect(result.output).toContain("Success. Updated the following files")
@@ -129,38 +145,34 @@ describe("tool.apply_patch freeform", () => {
         expect(permissionCall.metadata.files.map((f) => f.type).sort()).toEqual(["add", "delete", "update"])
 
         const addFile = permissionCall.metadata.files.find((f) => f.type === "add")
-        expect(addFile).toBeDefined()
-        expect(addFile!.relativePath).toBe("nested/new.txt")
-        expect(addFile!.patch).toContain("+created")
+        expect(addFile?.relativePath).toBe("nested/new.txt")
+        expect(addFile?.patch).toContain("+created")
 
         const updateFile = permissionCall.metadata.files.find((f) => f.type === "update")
-        expect(updateFile).toBeDefined()
-        expect(updateFile!.patch).toContain("-line2")
-        expect(updateFile!.patch).toContain("+changed")
+        expect(updateFile?.patch).toContain("-line2")
+        expect(updateFile?.patch).toContain("+changed")
 
-        const added = await fs.readFile(path.join(fixture.path, "nested", "new.txt"), "utf-8")
-        expect(added).toBe("created\n")
-        expect(await fs.readFile(modifyPath, "utf-8")).toBe("line1\nchanged\n")
-        await expect(fs.readFile(deletePath, "utf-8")).rejects.toThrow()
-      },
-    })
-  })
+        expect(yield* readText(path.join(test.directory, "nested", "new.txt"))).toBe("created\n")
+        expect(yield* readText(modifyPath)).toBe("line1\nchanged\n")
+        yield* expectReadFailure(deletePath)
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
 
-  test("permission metadata includes move file info", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const { ctx, calls } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const original = path.join(fixture.path, "old", "name.txt")
-        await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(original), { recursive: true })
-        await fs.writeFile(original, "old content\n", "utf-8")
+  it.instance(
+    "permission metadata includes move file info",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const { ctx, calls } = makeCtx()
+        const original = path.join(test.directory, "old", "name.txt")
+        yield* makeDir(path.dirname(original))
+        yield* writeText(original, "old content\n")
 
         const patchText =
           "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: old/name.txt\n*** Move to: renamed/dir/name.txt\n@@\n-old content\n+new content\n*** End Patch"
 
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+        yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
 
         expect(calls.length).toBe(1)
         const permissionCall = calls[0]
@@ -169,447 +181,353 @@ describe("tool.apply_patch freeform", () => {
         const moveFile = permissionCall.metadata.files[0]
         expect(moveFile.type).toBe("move")
         expect(moveFile.relativePath).toBe("renamed/dir/name.txt")
-        expect(moveFile.movePath).toBe(path.join(fixture.path, "renamed/dir/name.txt"))
+        expect(moveFile.movePath).toBe(path.join(test.directory, "renamed/dir/name.txt"))
         expect(moveFile.patch).toContain("-old content")
         expect(moveFile.patch).toContain("+new content")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("applies multiple hunks to one file", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "multi.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: multi.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed2\n@@\n-line4\n+changed4\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("line1\nchanged2\nline3\nchanged4\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("does not invent a first-line diff for BOM files", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx, calls } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const bom = String.fromCharCode(0xfeff)
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "example.cs")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, `${bom}using System;\n\nclass Test {}\n`, "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: example.cs\n@@\n class Test {}\n+class Next {}\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-
-        expect(calls.length).toBe(1)
-        const shown = calls[0].metadata.files[0]?.patch ?? ""
-        expect(shown).not.toContain(bom)
-        expect(shown).not.toContain("-using System;")
-        expect(shown).not.toContain("+using System;")
-
-        const content = await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")
-        expect(content.charCodeAt(0)).toBe(0xfeff)
-        expect(content.slice(1)).toBe("using System;\n\nclass Test {}\nclass Next {}\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("inserts lines with insert-only hunk", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "insert_only.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "alpha\nomega\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: insert_only.txt\n@@\n alpha\n+beta\n omega\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("alpha\nbeta\nomega\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("appends trailing newline on update", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "no_newline.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "no newline at end", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: no_newline.txt\n@@\n-no newline at end\n+first line\n+second line\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-
-        const contents = await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")
-        expect(contents.endsWith("\n")).toBe(true)
-        expect(contents).toBe("first line\nsecond line\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("moves file to a new directory", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const original = path.join(fixture.path, "old", "name.txt")
-        await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(original), { recursive: true })
-        await fs.writeFile(original, "old content\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: old/name.txt\n*** Move to: renamed/dir/name.txt\n@@\n-old content\n+new content\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-
-        const moved = path.join(fixture.path, "renamed", "dir", "name.txt")
-        await expect(fs.readFile(original, "utf-8")).rejects.toThrow()
-        expect(await fs.readFile(moved, "utf-8")).toBe("new content\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("moves file overwriting existing destination", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const original = path.join(fixture.path, "old", "name.txt")
-        const destination = path.join(fixture.path, "renamed", "dir", "name.txt")
-        await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(original), { recursive: true })
-        await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(destination), { recursive: true })
-        await fs.writeFile(original, "from\n", "utf-8")
-        await fs.writeFile(destination, "existing\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: old/name.txt\n*** Move to: renamed/dir/name.txt\n@@\n-from\n+new\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-
-        await expect(fs.readFile(original, "utf-8")).rejects.toThrow()
-        expect(await fs.readFile(destination, "utf-8")).toBe("new\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("adds file overwriting existing file", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "duplicate.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "old content\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: duplicate.txt\n+new content\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("new content\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("rejects update when target file is missing", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: missing.txt\n@@\n-nope\n+better\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow(
-          "apply_patch verification failed: Failed to read file to update",
-        )
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("rejects delete when file is missing", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Delete File: missing.txt\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow()
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("rejects delete when target is a directory", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const dirPath = path.join(fixture.path, "dir")
-        await fs.mkdir(dirPath)
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Delete File: dir\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow()
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("rejects invalid hunk header", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Frobnicate File: foo\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow("apply_patch verification failed")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("rejects update with missing context", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "modify.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "line1\nline2\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: modify.txt\n@@\n-missing\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow("apply_patch verification failed")
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("line1\nline2\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("verification failure leaves no side effects", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: created.txt\n+hello\n*** Update File: missing.txt\n@@\n-old\n+new\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow()
-
-        const createdPath = path.join(fixture.path, "created.txt")
-        await expect(fs.readFile(createdPath, "utf-8")).rejects.toThrow()
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("supports end of file anchor", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "tail.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "alpha\nlast\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: tail.txt\n@@\n-last\n+end\n*** End of File\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("alpha\nend\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("rejects missing second chunk context", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "two_chunks.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "a\nb\nc\nd\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: two_chunks.txt\n@@\n-b\n+B\n\n-d\n+D\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await expect(execute({ patchText }, ctx)).rejects.toThrow()
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("a\nb\nc\nd\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("disambiguates change context with @@ header", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "multi_ctx.txt")
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "fn a\nx=10\ny=2\nfn b\nx=10\ny=20\n", "utf-8")
-
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: multi_ctx.txt\n@@ fn b\n-x=10\n+x=11\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("fn a\nx=10\ny=2\nfn b\nx=11\ny=20\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("EOF anchor matches from end of file first", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "eof_anchor.txt")
-        // File has duplicate "marker" lines - one in middle, one at end
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "start\nmarker\nmiddle\nmarker\nend\n", "utf-8")
-
-        // With EOF anchor, should match the LAST "marker" line, not the first
-        const patchText =
-          "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: eof_anchor.txt\n@@\n-marker\n-end\n+marker-changed\n+end\n*** End of File\n*** End Patch"
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        // First marker unchanged, second marker changed
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("start\nmarker\nmiddle\nmarker-changed\nend\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("parses heredoc-wrapped patch", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const patchText = `cat <<'EOF'
+      }),
+    { git: true },
+  )
+
+  it.instance("applies multiple hunks to one file", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "multi.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\n")
+
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: multi.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed2\n@@\n-line4\n+changed4\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("line1\nchanged2\nline3\nchanged4\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("does not invent a first-line diff for BOM files", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx, calls } = makeCtx()
+      const bom = String.fromCharCode(0xfeff)
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "example.cs")
+      yield* writeText(target, `${bom}using System;\n\nclass Test {}\n`)
+
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: example.cs\n@@\n class Test {}\n+class Next {}\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+
+      expect(calls.length).toBe(1)
+      const shown = calls[0].metadata.files[0]?.patch ?? ""
+      expect(shown).not.toContain(bom)
+      expect(shown).not.toContain("-using System;")
+      expect(shown).not.toContain("+using System;")
+
+      const content = yield* readText(target)
+      expect(content.charCodeAt(0)).toBe(0xfeff)
+      expect(content.slice(1)).toBe("using System;\n\nclass Test {}\nclass Next {}\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("inserts lines with insert-only hunk", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "insert_only.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "alpha\nomega\n")
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: insert_only.txt\n@@\n alpha\n+beta\n omega\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("alpha\nbeta\nomega\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("appends trailing newline on update", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "no_newline.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "no newline at end")
+
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: no_newline.txt\n@@\n-no newline at end\n+first line\n+second line\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+
+      const contents = yield* readText(target)
+      expect(contents.endsWith("\n")).toBe(true)
+      expect(contents).toBe("first line\nsecond line\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("moves file to a new directory", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const original = path.join(test.directory, "old", "name.txt")
+      yield* makeDir(path.dirname(original))
+      yield* writeText(original, "old content\n")
+
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: old/name.txt\n*** Move to: renamed/dir/name.txt\n@@\n-old content\n+new content\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+
+      const moved = path.join(test.directory, "renamed", "dir", "name.txt")
+      yield* expectReadFailure(original)
+      expect(yield* readText(moved)).toBe("new content\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("moves file overwriting existing destination", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const original = path.join(test.directory, "old", "name.txt")
+      const destination = path.join(test.directory, "renamed", "dir", "name.txt")
+      yield* makeDir(path.dirname(original))
+      yield* makeDir(path.dirname(destination))
+      yield* writeText(original, "from\n")
+      yield* writeText(destination, "existing\n")
+
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: old/name.txt\n*** Move to: renamed/dir/name.txt\n@@\n-from\n+new\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+
+      yield* expectReadFailure(original)
+      expect(yield* readText(destination)).toBe("new\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("adds file overwriting existing file", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "duplicate.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "old content\n")
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: duplicate.txt\n+new content\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("new content\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("rejects update when target file is missing", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: missing.txt\n@@\n-nope\n+better\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(
+        execute({ patchText }, ctx),
+        "apply_patch verification failed: Failed to read file to update",
+      )
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("rejects delete when file is missing", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Delete File: missing.txt\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText }, ctx))
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("rejects delete when target is a directory", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const dirPath = path.join(test.directory, "dir")
+      yield* makeDir(dirPath)
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Delete File: dir\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText }, ctx))
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("rejects invalid hunk header", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Frobnicate File: foo\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText }, ctx), "apply_patch verification failed")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("rejects update with missing context", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "modify.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "line1\nline2\n")
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: modify.txt\n@@\n-missing\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText }, ctx), "apply_patch verification failed")
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("line1\nline2\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("verification failure leaves no side effects", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: created.txt\n+hello\n*** Update File: missing.txt\n@@\n-old\n+new\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText }, ctx))
+      yield* expectReadFailure(path.join(test.directory, "created.txt"))
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("supports end of file anchor", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "tail.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "alpha\nlast\n")
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: tail.txt\n@@\n-last\n+end\n*** End of File\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("alpha\nend\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("rejects missing second chunk context", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "two_chunks.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "a\nb\nc\nd\n")
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: two_chunks.txt\n@@\n-b\n+B\n\n-d\n+D\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* expectFailure(execute({ patchText }, ctx))
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("a\nb\nc\nd\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("disambiguates change context with @@ header", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "multi_ctx.txt")
+      yield* writeText(target, "fn a\nx=10\ny=2\nfn b\nx=10\ny=20\n")
+
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: multi_ctx.txt\n@@ fn b\n-x=10\n+x=11\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("fn a\nx=10\ny=2\nfn b\nx=11\ny=20\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("EOF anchor matches from end of file first", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "eof_anchor.txt")
+      // File has duplicate "marker" lines - one in middle, one at end
+      yield* writeText(target, "start\nmarker\nmiddle\nmarker\nend\n")
+
+      // With EOF anchor, should match the LAST "marker" line, not the first
+      const patchText =
+        "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: eof_anchor.txt\n@@\n-marker\n-end\n+marker-changed\n+end\n*** End of File\n*** End Patch"
+
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      // First marker unchanged, second marker changed
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("start\nmarker\nmiddle\nmarker-changed\nend\n")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.instance("parses heredoc-wrapped patch", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const patchText = `cat <<'EOF'
 *** Begin Patch
 *** Add File: heredoc_test.txt
 +heredoc content
 *** End Patch
 EOF`
 
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        const content = await fs.readFile(path.join(fixture.path, "heredoc_test.txt"), "utf-8")
-        expect(content).toBe("heredoc content\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(path.join(test.directory, "heredoc_test.txt"))).toBe("heredoc content\n")
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("parses heredoc-wrapped patch without cat", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const patchText = `<<EOF
+  it.instance("parses heredoc-wrapped patch without cat", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const patchText = `<<EOF
 *** Begin Patch
 *** Add File: heredoc_no_cat.txt
 +no cat prefix
 *** End Patch
 EOF`
 
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        const content = await fs.readFile(path.join(fixture.path, "heredoc_no_cat.txt"), "utf-8")
-        expect(content).toBe("no cat prefix\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(path.join(test.directory, "heredoc_no_cat.txt"))).toBe("no cat prefix\n")
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("matches with trailing whitespace differences", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+  it.instance("matches with trailing whitespace differences", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "trailing_ws.txt")
+      // File has trailing spaces on some lines
+      yield* writeText(target, "line1  \nline2\nline3   \n")
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "trailing_ws.txt")
-        // File has trailing spaces on some lines
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "line1  \nline2\nline3   \n", "utf-8")
+      // Patch doesn't have trailing spaces - should still match via rstrip pass
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: trailing_ws.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
 
-        // Patch doesn't have trailing spaces - should still match via rstrip pass
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: trailing_ws.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("line1  \nchanged\nline3   \n")
+    }),
+  )
 
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("line1  \nchanged\nline3   \n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+  it.instance("matches with leading whitespace differences", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "leading_ws.txt")
+      // File has leading spaces
+      yield* writeText(target, "  line1\nline2\n  line3\n")
 
-  test("matches with leading whitespace differences", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      // Patch without leading spaces - should match via trim pass
+      const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: leading_ws.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "leading_ws.txt")
-        // File has leading spaces
-        await fs.writeFile(target, "  line1\nline2\n  line3\n", "utf-8")
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe("  line1\nchanged\n  line3\n")
+    }),
+  )
 
-        // Patch without leading spaces - should match via trim pass
-        const patchText = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: leading_ws.txt\n@@\n-line2\n+changed\n*** End Patch"
+  it.instance("matches with Unicode punctuation differences", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const { ctx } = makeCtx()
+      const target = path.join(test.directory, "unicode.txt")
+      // File has fancy Unicode quotes (U+201C, U+201D) and em-dash (U+2014)
+      const leftQuote = "\u201C"
+      const rightQuote = "\u201D"
+      const emDash = "\u2014"
+      yield* writeText(target, `He said ${leftQuote}hello${rightQuote}\nsome${emDash}dash\nend\n`)
 
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe("  line1\nchanged\n  line3\n")
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      // Patch uses ASCII equivalents - should match via normalized pass
+      // The replacement uses ASCII quotes from the patch (not preserving Unicode)
+      const patchText =
+        '*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: unicode.txt\n@@\n-He said "hello"\n+He said "hi"\n*** End Patch'
 
-  test("matches with Unicode punctuation differences", async () => {
-    await using fixture = await tmpdir()
-    const { ctx } = makeCtx()
-
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: fixture.path,
-      fn: async () => {
-        const target = path.join(fixture.path, "unicode.txt")
-        // File has fancy Unicode quotes (U+201C, U+201D) and em-dash (U+2014)
-        const leftQuote = "\u201C"
-        const rightQuote = "\u201D"
-        const emDash = "\u2014"
-        await fs.writeFile(target, `He said ${leftQuote}hello${rightQuote}\nsome${emDash}dash\nend\n`, "utf-8")
-
-        // Patch uses ASCII equivalents - should match via normalized pass
-        // The replacement uses ASCII quotes from the patch (not preserving Unicode)
-        const patchText =
-          '*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: unicode.txt\n@@\n-He said "hello"\n+He said "hi"\n*** End Patch'
-
-        await execute({ patchText }, ctx)
-        // Result has ASCII quotes because that's what the patch specifies
-        expect(await fs.readFile(target, "utf-8")).toBe(`He said "hi"\nsome${emDash}dash\nend\n`)
-      },
-    })
-  })
+      yield* execute({ patchText }, ctx)
+      // Result has ASCII quotes because that's what the patch specifies
+      expect(yield* readText(target)).toBe(`He said "hi"\nsome${emDash}dash\nend\n`)
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/tool/edit.test.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-import { afterAll, afterEach, describe, test, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { afterEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
-import { Cause, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer } from "effect"
 import { EditTool } from "../../src/tool/edit"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
-import { disposeAllInstances, TestInstance, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { disposeAllInstances, TestInstance } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { LSP } from "@/lsp/lsp"
 import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
 import { Format } from "../../src/format"
@@ -42,20 +41,6 @@ const layer = Layer.mergeAll(
 
 const it = testEffect(layer)
 
-const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(layer)
-
-afterAll(async () => {
-  await runtime.dispose()
-})
-
-const resolve = () =>
-  runtime.runPromise(
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const info = yield* EditTool
-      return yield* info.init()
-    }),
-  )
-
 const init = Effect.fn("EditToolTest.init")(function* () {
   const info = yield* EditTool
   return yield* info.init()
@@ -500,58 +485,49 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
   })
 
   describe("concurrent editing", () => {
-    test("preserves concurrent edits to different sections of the same file", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "top = 0\nmiddle = keep\nbottom = 0\n", "utf-8")
+    it.instance("preserves concurrent edits to different sections of the same file", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const test = yield* TestInstance
+        const filepath = path.join(test.directory, "file.txt")
+        yield* put(filepath, "top = 0\nmiddle = keep\nbottom = 0\n")
 
-      await WithInstance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const edit = await resolve()
-          let asks = 0
-          const firstAsk = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
-          const delayedCtx = {
-            ...ctx,
-            ask: () =>
-              Effect.gen(function* () {
-                asks++
-                if (asks !== 1) return
-                firstAsk.resolve()
-                yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.sleep(50))
-              }),
-          }
+        const firstAsk = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        let asks = 0
+        const delayedCtx = {
+          ...ctx,
+          ask: () =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              asks++
+              if (asks !== 1) return
+              yield* Deferred.succeed(firstAsk, undefined)
+              yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.sleep(50))
+            }),
+        }
 
-          const promise1 = Effect.runPromise(
-            edit.execute(
-              {
-                filePath: filepath,
-                oldString: "top = 0",
-                newString: "top = 1",
-              },
-              delayedCtx,
-            ),
-          )
+        const first = yield* run(
+          {
+            filePath: filepath,
+            oldString: "top = 0",
+            newString: "top = 1",
+          },
+          delayedCtx,
+        ).pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
 
-          await firstAsk.promise
+        yield* Deferred.await(firstAsk)
+        yield* Effect.all([
+          Fiber.join(first),
+          run(
+            {
+              filePath: filepath,
+              oldString: "bottom = 0",
+              newString: "bottom = 2",
+            },
+            delayedCtx,
+          ),
+        ])
 
-          const promise2 = Effect.runPromise(
-            edit.execute(
-              {
-                filePath: filepath,
-                oldString: "bottom = 0",
-                newString: "bottom = 2",
-              },
-              delayedCtx,
-            ),
-          )
-
-          const results = await Promise.allSettled([promise1, promise2])
-          expect(results[0]?.status).toBe("fulfilled")
-          expect(results[1]?.status).toBe("fulfilled")
-          expect(await fs.readFile(filepath, "utf-8")).toBe("top = 1\nmiddle = keep\nbottom = 2\n")
-        },
-      })
-    })
+        expect(yield* load(filepath)).toBe("top = 1\nmiddle = keep\nbottom = 2\n")
+      }),
+    )
   })
 })

packages/opencode/test/tool/external-directory.test.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import path from "path"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
 import type { Tool } from "@/tool/tool"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { WithInstance } from "../../src/project/with-instance"
-import { assertExternalDirectory } from "../../src/tool/external-directory"
+import { assertExternalDirectoryEffect } from "../../src/tool/external-directory"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { provideInstance, TestInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import type { Permission } from "../../src/permission"
 import { SessionID, MessageID } from "../../src/session/schema"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+
+const it = testEffect(CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer)
 
 const baseCtx: Omit<Tool.Context, "ask"> = {
   sessionID: SessionID.make("ses_test"),
@@ -36,135 +38,120 @@ function makeCtx() {
 }
 
 describe("tool.assertExternalDirectory", () => {
-  test("no-ops for empty target", async () => {
-    const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+  it.live("no-ops for empty target", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: "/tmp",
-      fn: async () => {
-        await assertExternalDirectory(ctx)
-      },
-    })
+      yield* assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx)
 
-    expect(requests.length).toBe(0)
-  })
+      expect(requests.length).toBe(0)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("no-ops for paths inside Instance.directory", async () => {
-    const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+  it.live("no-ops for paths inside Instance.directory", () =>
+    provideInstance("/tmp/project")(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: "/tmp/project",
-      fn: async () => {
-        await assertExternalDirectory(ctx, path.join("/tmp/project", "file.txt"))
-      },
-    })
+        yield* assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx, path.join("/tmp/project", "file.txt"))
 
-    expect(requests.length).toBe(0)
-  })
+        expect(requests.length).toBe(0)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
 
-  test("asks with a single canonical glob", async () => {
-    const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+  it.live("asks with a single canonical glob", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-    const directory = "/tmp/project"
-    const target = "/tmp/outside/file.txt"
-    const expected = glob(path.join(path.dirname(target), "*"))
+      const directory = "/tmp/project"
+      const target = "/tmp/outside/file.txt"
+      const expected = glob(path.join(path.dirname(target), "*"))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await assertExternalDirectory(ctx, target)
-      },
-    })
+      yield* provideInstance(directory)(assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx, target))
 
-    const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
-    expect(req).toBeDefined()
-    expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
-    expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
-  })
+      const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
+      expect(req).toBeDefined()
+      expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
+      expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("uses target directory when kind=directory", async () => {
-    const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+  it.live("uses target directory when kind=directory", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-    const directory = "/tmp/project"
-    const target = "/tmp/outside"
-    const expected = glob(path.join(target, "*"))
+      const directory = "/tmp/project"
+      const target = "/tmp/outside"
+      const expected = glob(path.join(target, "*"))
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory,
-      fn: async () => {
-        await assertExternalDirectory(ctx, target, { kind: "directory" })
-      },
-    })
+      yield* provideInstance(directory)(assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx, target, { kind: "directory" }))
 
-    const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
-    expect(req).toBeDefined()
-    expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
-    expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
-  })
+      const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
+      expect(req).toBeDefined()
+      expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
+      expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("skips prompting when bypass=true", async () => {
-    const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+  it.live("skips prompting when bypass=true", () =>
+    provideInstance("/tmp/project")(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-    await WithInstance.provide({
-      directory: "/tmp/project",
-      fn: async () => {
-        await assertExternalDirectory(ctx, "/tmp/outside/file.txt", { bypass: true })
-      },
-    })
+        yield* assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx, "/tmp/outside/file.txt", { bypass: true })
 
-    expect(requests.length).toBe(0)
-  })
+        expect(requests.length).toBe(0)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
 
   if (process.platform === "win32") {
-    test("normalizes Windows path variants to one glob", async () => {
-      const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+    it.instance(
+      "normalizes Windows path variants to one glob",
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-      await using outerTmp = await tmpdir({
-        init: async (dir) => {
-          await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "outside.txt"), "x")
-        },
-      })
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+          const outerTmp = yield* tmpdirScoped()
+          yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(path.join(outerTmp, "outside.txt"), "x"))
 
-      const target = path.join(outerTmp.path, "outside.txt")
-      const alt = target
-        .replace(/^[A-Za-z]:/, "")
-        .replaceAll("\\", "/")
-        .toLowerCase()
+          const target = path.join(outerTmp, "outside.txt")
+          const alt = target
+            .replace(/^[A-Za-z]:/, "")
+            .replaceAll("\\", "/")
+            .toLowerCase()
 
-      await WithInstance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await assertExternalDirectory(ctx, alt)
-        },
-      })
+          yield* assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx, alt)
 
-      const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
-      const expected = glob(path.join(outerTmp.path, "*"))
-      expect(req).toBeDefined()
-      expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
-      expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
-    })
+          const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
+          const expected = glob(path.join(outerTmp, "*"))
+          expect(req).toBeDefined()
+          expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
+          expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
+        }),
+      { git: true },
+    )
 
-    test("uses drive root glob for root files", async () => {
-      const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
+    it.instance(
+      "uses drive root glob for root files",
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const { requests, ctx } = makeCtx()
 
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const root = path.parse(tmp.path).root
-      const target = path.join(root, "boot.ini")
+          const tmp = yield* TestInstance
+          const root = path.parse(tmp.directory).root
+          const target = path.join(root, "boot.ini")
 
-      await WithInstance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await assertExternalDirectory(ctx, target)
-        },
-      })
+          yield* assertExternalDirectoryEffect(ctx, target)
 
-      const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
-      const expected = path.join(root, "*")
-      expect(req).toBeDefined()
-      expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
-      expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
-    })
+          const req = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "external_directory")
+          const expected = path.join(root, "*")
+          expect(req).toBeDefined()
+          expect(req!.patterns).toEqual([expected])
+          expect(req!.always).toEqual([expected])
+        }),
+      { git: true },
+    )
   }
 })

packages/opencode/test/tool/fixtures/models-api.json

@@ -1,4 +1,28 @@
 {
+  "digitalocean": {
+    "id": "digitalocean",
+    "env": ["DIGITALOCEAN_ACCESS_TOKEN"],
+    "npm": "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+    "api": "https://inference.do-ai.run/v1",
+    "name": "DigitalOcean",
+    "doc": "https://docs.digitalocean.com/products/genai-platform/",
+    "models": {
+      "openai-gpt-oss-120b": {
+        "id": "openai-gpt-oss-120b",
+        "name": "GPT OSS 120B",
+        "attachment": false,
+        "reasoning": false,
+        "tool_call": true,
+        "temperature": true,
+        "release_date": "2025-08-05",
+        "last_updated": "2025-08-05",
+        "modalities": { "input": ["text"], "output": ["text"] },
+        "open_weights": false,
+        "cost": { "input": 0.35, "output": 0.75 },
+        "limit": { "context": 128000, "output": 16384 }
+      }
+    }
+  },
   "ollama-cloud": {
     "id": "ollama-cloud",
     "env": ["OLLAMA_API_KEY"],

packages/opencode/test/tool/registry.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
 import { Effect, Layer, Result, Schema } from "effect"
 import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
 import { ToolRegistry } from "@/tool/registry"
+import { Tool } from "@/tool/tool"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 import { disposeAllInstances, TestInstance } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
 import { Reference } from "@/reference/reference"
 import { ProviderID, ModelID } from "@/provider/schema"
 import { ToolJsonSchema } from "@/tool/json-schema"
+import { MessageID, SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
 
 const node = CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer
 const originalExperimentalScout = Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_SCOUT
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ describe("tool.registry", () => {
       const promptTools = yield* registry.tools({
         providerID: ProviderID.opencode,
         modelID: ModelID.make("test"),
-        agent: yield* agents.get(yield* agents.defaultAgent()),
+        agent: yield* agents.defaultInfo(),
       })
       const promptTool = promptTools.find((tool) => tool.id === "sql")
       if (!promptTool) throw new Error("custom sql tool was not returned for prompts")
@@ -193,6 +195,51 @@ describe("tool.registry", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.instance("preserves attachments from structured custom tool results", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* TestInstance
+      const customTools = path.join(test.directory, ".opencode", "tools")
+      const pluginTool = pathToFileURL(path.resolve(import.meta.dir, "../../../plugin/src/tool.ts")).href
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(customTools, { recursive: true }))
+      yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+        Bun.write(
+          path.join(customTools, "image.ts"),
+          [
+            `import { tool } from ${JSON.stringify(pluginTool)}`,
+            "export default tool({",
+            "  description: 'image tool',",
+            "  args: {},",
+            "  execute: async () => ({",
+            "    output: 'here is an image',",
+            "    attachments: [{ type: 'file', mime: 'image/png', filename: 'picture.png', url: 'data:image/png;base64,AAAA' }],",
+            "  }),",
+            "})",
+            "",
+          ].join("\n"),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
+      const loaded = (yield* registry.all()).find((tool) => tool.id === "image")
+      if (!loaded) throw new Error("custom image tool was not loaded")
+      const agents = yield* Agent.Service
+      const result = yield* loaded.execute({}, {
+        sessionID: SessionID.make("ses_test"),
+        messageID: MessageID.make("msg_test"),
+        agent: (yield* agents.defaultInfo()).name,
+        abort: new AbortController().signal,
+        messages: [],
+        metadata: () => Effect.void,
+        ask: () => Effect.void,
+      } satisfies Tool.Context)
+
+      expect(result.output).toBe("here is an image")
+      expect(result.attachments).toEqual([
+        { type: "file", mime: "image/png", filename: "picture.png", url: "data:image/png;base64,AAAA" },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.instance("loads legacy JSON-schema-shaped custom tools with wire schema", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const test = yield* TestInstance

packages/opencode/test/tool/tool-define.test.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-import { describe, test, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer, ManagedRuntime, Schema } from "effect"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Agent } from "../../src/agent/agent"
 import { MessageID, SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"
 import { Tool } from "@/tool/tool"
 import { Truncate } from "@/tool/truncate"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
-const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(Layer.mergeAll(Truncate.defaultLayer, Agent.defaultLayer))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Truncate.defaultLayer, Agent.defaultLayer))
 
 const params = Schema.Struct({ input: Schema.String })
 
@@ -21,49 +22,53 @@ function makeTool(id: string, executeFn?: () => void) {
 }
 
 describe("Tool.define", () => {
-  test("object-defined tool does not mutate the original init object", async () => {
-    const original = makeTool("test")
-    const originalExecute = original.execute
+  it.effect("object-defined tool does not mutate the original init object", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const original = makeTool("test")
+      const originalExecute = original.execute
 
-    const info = await runtime.runPromise(Tool.define("test-tool", Effect.succeed(original)))
+      const info = yield* Tool.define("test-tool", Effect.succeed(original))
 
-    await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
-    await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
-    await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
+      yield* info.init()
+      yield* info.init()
+      yield* info.init()
 
-    expect(original.execute).toBe(originalExecute)
-  })
+      expect(original.execute).toBe(originalExecute)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("effect-defined tool returns fresh objects and is unaffected", async () => {
-    const info = await runtime.runPromise(
-      Tool.define(
+  it.effect("effect-defined tool returns fresh objects and is unaffected", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const info = yield* Tool.define(
         "test-fn-tool",
         Effect.succeed(() => Effect.succeed(makeTool("test"))),
-      ),
-    )
+      )
 
-    const first = await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
-    const second = await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
+      const first = yield* info.init()
+      const second = yield* info.init()
 
-    expect(first).not.toBe(second)
-  })
+      expect(first).not.toBe(second)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("object-defined tool returns distinct objects per init() call", async () => {
-    const info = await runtime.runPromise(Tool.define("test-copy", Effect.succeed(makeTool("test"))))
+  it.effect("object-defined tool returns distinct objects per init() call", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const info = yield* Tool.define("test-copy", Effect.succeed(makeTool("test")))
 
-    const first = await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
-    const second = await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
+      const first = yield* info.init()
+      const second = yield* info.init()
 
-    expect(first).not.toBe(second)
-  })
+      expect(first).not.toBe(second)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  test("execute receives decoded parameters", async () => {
-    const parameters = Schema.Struct({
-      count: Schema.NumberFromString.pipe(Schema.optional, Schema.withDecodingDefaultType(Effect.succeed(5))),
-    })
-    const calls: Array<Schema.Schema.Type<typeof parameters>> = []
-    const info = await runtime.runPromise(
-      Tool.define(
+  it.effect("execute receives decoded parameters", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const parameters = Schema.Struct({
+        count: Schema.NumberFromString.pipe(Schema.optional, Schema.withDecodingDefaultType(Effect.succeed(5))),
+      })
+      const calls: Array<Schema.Schema.Type<typeof parameters>> = []
+      const info = yield* Tool.define(
         "test-decoded",
         Effect.succeed({
           description: "test tool",
@@ -73,27 +78,27 @@ describe("Tool.define", () => {
             return Effect.succeed({ title: "test", output: "ok", metadata: { truncated: false } })
           },
         }),
-      ),
-    )
-    const ctx: Tool.Context = {
-      sessionID: SessionID.descending(),
-      messageID: MessageID.ascending(),
-      agent: "build",
-      abort: new AbortController().signal,
-      messages: [],
-      metadata() {
-        return Effect.void
-      },
-      ask() {
-        return Effect.void
-      },
-    }
-    const tool = await Effect.runPromise(info.init())
-    const execute = tool.execute as unknown as (args: unknown, ctx: Tool.Context) => ReturnType<typeof tool.execute>
+      )
+      const ctx: Tool.Context = {
+        sessionID: SessionID.descending(),
+        messageID: MessageID.ascending(),
+        agent: "build",
+        abort: new AbortController().signal,
+        messages: [],
+        metadata() {
+          return Effect.void
+        },
+        ask() {
+          return Effect.void
+        },
+      }
+      const tool = yield* info.init()
+      const execute = tool.execute as unknown as (args: unknown, ctx: Tool.Context) => ReturnType<typeof tool.execute>
 
-    await Effect.runPromise(execute({}, ctx))
-    await Effect.runPromise(execute({ count: "7" }, ctx))
+      yield* execute({}, ctx)
+      yield* execute({ count: "7" }, ctx)
 
-    expect(calls).toEqual([{ count: 5 }, { count: 7 }])
-  })
+      expect(calls).toEqual([{ count: 5 }, { count: 7 }])
+    }),
+  )
 })

packages/opencode/test/util/error.test.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
 import { errorData, errorFormat, errorMessage } from "../../src/util/error"
-import { namedSchemaError } from "../../src/util/named-schema-error"
-import { UI } from "../../src/cli/ui"
+import { MessageError } from "../../src/session/message-error"
 
 describe("util.error", () => {
   test("formats native Error instances", () => {
@@ -53,17 +51,14 @@ describe("util.error", () => {
     expect(String(data.formatted)).toContain("ResolveMessage")
   })
 
-  test("named schema errors are real NamedError instances", () => {
-    const ExampleError = namedSchemaError("ExampleError", { message: Schema.String })
-    const error = new ExampleError({ message: "boom" })
+  test("schema-backed named errors are real NamedError instances", () => {
+    const error = new MessageError.AuthError({ providerID: "anthropic", message: "boom" })
 
     expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(NamedError)
-    expect(error.toObject()).toEqual({ name: "ExampleError", data: { message: "boom" } })
+    expect(error.toObject()).toEqual({ name: "ProviderAuthError", data: { providerID: "anthropic", message: "boom" } })
   })
 
-  test("void named errors accept JSON without data", () => {
-    const serialized = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(new UI.CancelledError(undefined).toObject()))
-
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownOption(UI.CancelledError.Schema)(serialized)._tag).toBe("Some")
+  test("named errors without fields serialize data", () => {
+    expect(new MessageError.OutputLengthError({}).toObject()).toEqual({ name: "MessageOutputLengthError", data: {} })
   })
 })

packages/plugin/src/index.ts

@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ import type {
   UserMessage,
   Message,
   Part,
-  Auth,
   Config as SDKConfig,
 } from "@opencode-ai/sdk"
-import type { Provider as ProviderV2, Model as ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
+import type { Provider as ProviderV2, Model as ModelV2, Auth } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 
 import type { BunShell } from "./shell.js"
 import { type ToolDefinition } from "./tool.js"
@@ -153,6 +152,7 @@ export type AuthHook = {
               type: "success"
               key: string
               provider?: string
+              metadata?: Record<string, string>
             }
           | {
               type: "failed"
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ export type AuthOAuthResult = { url: string; instructions: string } & (
                 accountId?: string
                 enterpriseUrl?: string
               }
-            | { key: string }
+            | { key: string; metadata?: Record<string, string> }
           ))
         | {
             type: "failed"
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ export type AuthOAuthResult = { url: string; instructions: string } & (
                 accountId?: string
                 enterpriseUrl?: string
               }
-            | { key: string }
+            | { key: string; metadata?: Record<string, string> }
           ))
         | {
             type: "failed"

packages/plugin/src/tool.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,21 @@ type AskInput = {
   metadata: { [key: string]: any }
 }
 
-export type ToolResult = string | { output: string; metadata?: { [key: string]: any } }
+export type ToolAttachment = {
+  type: "file"
+  mime: string
+  url: string
+  filename?: string
+}
+
+export type ToolResult =
+  | string
+  | {
+      title?: string
+      output: string
+      metadata?: { [key: string]: any }
+      attachments?: ToolAttachment[]
+    }
 
 export function tool<Args extends z.ZodRawShape>(input: {
   description: string

packages/sdk/js/src/gen/types.gen.ts

@@ -1666,6 +1666,9 @@ export type OAuth = {
 export type ApiAuth = {
   type: "api"
   key: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: string
+  }
 }
 
 export type WellKnownAuth = {

packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/types.gen.ts

@@ -1143,6 +1143,7 @@ export type McpRemoteConfig = {
 export type LayoutConfig = "auto" | "stretch"
 
 export type ImageAttachmentConfig = {
+  enforce_limits?: boolean
   auto_resize?: boolean
   max_width?: number
   max_height?: number